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    Method and device for measuring concentration levels of blood constituents non-invasively
    3.
    发明授权
    Method and device for measuring concentration levels of blood constituents non-invasively 失效
    非侵入性地测量血液成分浓度水平的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5361758A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-08

    申请号：US785430

    申请日：1991-10-09

    申请人： Jeffrey W. Hall ,  T. E. Cadell

    发明人： Jeffrey W. Hall ,  T. E. Cadell

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/35

    CPC分类号： A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/359

    摘要： A non-invasive device and method for monitoring concentration levels of blood and tissue constituents within a living subject such as a human or animal utilizes a polychromatic light source that emits light over a broad spectrum of wavelengths in the near infrared range. The light is passed through, or reflected from, a part of the subject such as a finger, ear lobe or other part of the body. That light is then separated into its various components by means of a grating or prism, and the near infrared band is focussed onto a linear array detector. A microprocessor uses the output of the array detector to measure the light transmitted (T), calculate the absorbance (log 1/T) and calculate the second derivative of the absorbance. A calibration equation is used for each constituent to be monitored to convert the second derivative measurements to a concentration level for that constituent. The device is programmed to take measurements between heart beats and to adjust for the temperature of the sample being taken. The device can be used to determine levels of various blood and tissue constituents, including glucose, cholesterol, alcohol, blood gases and various ions. The device is simple to use, painless and does not cause any physical discomfort, skin irritation or present any risk of infection to the user. The device can be used for clinical use or for home use and the memory of the microprocessor can be used to assist with record keeping and with dosage calculations. Previous non-invasive devices are not sufficiently accurate or convenient to use to replace the invasive testing systems presently used.

    摘要翻译： 用于监测诸如人或动物等活体内的血液和组织成分的浓度水平的非侵入性装置和方法使用在近红外范围内在宽波长范围内发光的多色光源。 光通过或者从被摄体的一部分（例如手指，耳垂或身体的其他部分）穿过或反射。 然后通过光栅或棱镜将该光分离成其各种部件，并将近红外波段聚焦到线性阵列检测器上。 微处理器使用阵列检测器的输出来测量透射光（T），计算吸光度（log 1 / T）并计算吸光度的二次导数。 对于要监测的每个成分使用校准方程，以将二次导数测量值转换为该成分的浓度水平。 该设备被编程为在心跳之间进行测量，并调整所采样器的温度。 该装置可用于确定各种血液和组织成分的水平，包括葡萄糖，胆固醇，酒精，血液气体和各种离子。 该设备使用简单，无痛，不会导致身体不适，皮肤刺激或对使用者有任何感染风险。 该设备可用于临床使用或家庭使用，并且微处理器的存储器可用于协助记录保存和剂量计算。 以前的非侵入性装置不足以用于替代目前使用的侵入性测试系统。

    Instrument and method for spectroscopic analysis by reflectance and transmittance
    4.
    发明授权
    Instrument and method for spectroscopic analysis by reflectance and transmittance 失效
    用于通过反射率和透射率进行光谱分析的仪器和方法

    公开(公告)号：US6137108A

    公开(公告)日：2000-10-24

    申请号：US98539

    申请日：1998-06-17

    申请人： Frank A. DeThomas ,  Jeffrey W. Hall ,  Ken VonBargen

    发明人： Frank A. DeThomas ,  Jeffrey W. Hall ,  Ken VonBargen

    IPC分类号： G01N21/03 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/47

    CPC分类号： G01J3/42

    摘要： A probe for a spectrometer has a slot for receiving a sample, an illuminating fiber optic bundle directing light to the sample in the slot, and first and second collecting fiber optic bundles transmitting light from the sample to the spectrometer, wherein the first collection fiber optic bundle is positioned to optimize the collection of transmitted light without scattering through the sample, and the second collection fiber optic bundle is positioned to optimize the collection of light diffusely reflected from the sample. In one embodiment, the first collection bundle is arranged in an annulus around the illuminating bundle, and the second collection bundle is arranged in an annulus around the first collection bundle. In a second embodiment, the second collection bundle is arranged in an annulus around the illuminating bundle, and the first collection bundle terminates in an interface with the sample located across the slot from the illuminating bundle and the second collection bundle.

    摘要翻译： 用于光谱仪的探针具有用于接收样品的槽，将光引导到槽中的样品的照明光纤束以及将来自样品的光传输到光谱仪的第一和第二收集光纤束，其中第一收集光纤 束被定位成优化透射光的收集而不会通过样品散射，并且第二收集光纤束被定位成优化从样品漫反射的光的收集。 在一个实施例中，第一收集束被布置在围绕照明束的环形空间中，并且第二收集束布置在围绕第一收集束的环形空间中。 在第二实施例中，第二收集束被布置在照明束周围的环中，并且第一收集束终止于与来自照明束和第二收集束的穿过狭槽的样本的界面。

    Ground fault detection for CATV devices
    5.
    发明授权
    Ground fault detection for CATV devices 失效
    CATV设备的接地故障检测

    公开(公告)号：US5808470A

    公开(公告)日：1998-09-15

    申请号：US719689

    申请日：1996-09-26

    申请人： Lewis E. Adams, III ,  Jeffrey W. Hall

    发明人： Lewis E. Adams, III ,  Jeffrey W. Hall

    IPC分类号： G01R31/02 ,  G01R31/14

    CPC分类号： G01R31/025

    摘要： A method for detecting ground faults between a community antenna television (CATV) coaxial cable and an appliance coupled to the CATV coaxial cable for receiving CATV broadcasts is provided. A potential difference between a shield of the coaxial cable and a chassis of the appliance is determined. A fault indicator is provided, if the potential difference exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage. An apparatus for detecting ground faults between an appliance and a CATV coaxial cable is also provided. The apparatus includes a comparator. A first input of the comparator is coupled to a chassis of the appliance. A second input of the comparator is coupled to a shield of the coaxial cable. The comparator indicates a fault condition if a potential difference between the first and second inputs exceeds a predetermined threshold.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测社区天线电视（CATV）同轴电缆和耦合到用于接收CATV广播的CATV同轴电缆的设备之间的接地故障的方法。 确定同轴电缆的屏蔽和电器的底盘之间的电位差。 如果电位差超过预定阈值电压，则提供故障指示。 还提供了用于检测器具和CATV同轴电缆之间的接地故障的装置。 该装置包括比较器。 比较器的第一输入端耦合到器具的机箱。 比较器的第二输入端耦合到同轴电缆的屏蔽。 如果第一和第二输入之间的电位差超过预定阈值，则比较器指示故障状态。