摘要:
The invention provides dispersions of rigid-chain conjugated polymers, processes for their manufacture and the use thereof for the manufacture of electronic components. The process according to the invention comprises the steps of a) preparing a solution of the polymer in a strong acid or in a liquid mixture comprising a Lewis acid; and b) introducing the solution prepared in step a) into an aqueous surfactant solution so as to form a dispersion of the polymer. Thus, the invention provides a dispersion of such a polymer in an aqueous or organic or aqueous-organic dispersion medium, wherein the size of the dispersed polymer particles lies in the range of 10 to 800 nm. The dispersions according to the invention may be used for the manufacture of a thin film of the polymer, in particular, for electronic components.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for the removal of free, emulsified, or dissolved water from liquids of low volatility, such as oil, is shown. The liquid of low volatility is removed by contacting the fluid stream of concern with one side of a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane divides a separation chamber into a feed side into which the stream of fluid is fed, and a permeate side from which the water is removed. The permeate side of the chamber is maintained at a low partial pressure of water through presence of vacuum, or by use of a sweep gas.
摘要:
Aromatic poly(1,3,4-heterodiazoles) include from 100 to 1,000 repeating units selected from the group consisting of in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be identical or different and are each an alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy or thiophenol group and X is S, O or N-phenyl, for use in optical devices, especially electroluminescent components.