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公开(公告)号：US5064728A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-12
申请号：US600456
申请日：1990-10-19
申请人： Swaminathan Sunder , Diwakar Garg , Paul N. Dyer
发明人： Swaminathan Sunder , Diwakar Garg , Paul N. Dyer
CPC分类号： C23C28/00 , C23C16/08 , C23C16/14 , C23C16/30 , C23C16/32 , Y10S428/932 , Y10T428/12576 , Y10T428/12583 , Y10T428/1284
摘要： A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于改善诸如喷嘴，喷嘴，管道，滑槽，粉末处理管，阀壳体，输送机，钻井套管等结构的内部磨损表面的耐蚀磨损性和硬度的方法。 基本上纯的钨层被化学气相沉积在结构体的内部磨损表面上，随后是包含钨和碳化钨的混合物的化学气相沉积顶部涂层。 碳化钨选自W2C，W3C及其混合物，并且是细晶粒，非柱状的并且具有基本上分层的微结构。 还描述了通过该方法形成的结构。
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公开(公告)号：US4990372A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-05
申请号：US388104
申请日：1989-07-31
申请人： Swaminathan Sunder , Diwakar Garg , Paul N. Dyer
发明人： Swaminathan Sunder , Diwakar Garg , Paul N. Dyer
摘要： A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于改善诸如喷嘴，喷嘴，管道，滑槽，粉末处理管，阀壳体，输送机，钻井套管等结构的内部磨损表面的耐蚀磨损性和硬度的方法。 基本上纯的钨层被化学气相沉积在结构体的内部磨损表面上，随后是包含钨和碳化钨的混合物的化学气相沉积顶部涂层。 碳化钨选自W2C，W3C及其混合物，并且是细晶粒，非柱状的并且具有基本上分层的微结构。 还描述了通过该方法形成的结构。
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公开(公告)号：US4626342A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-02
申请号：US792393
申请日：1985-10-29
申请人： Diwakar Garg , Swaminathan Sunder
发明人： Diwakar Garg , Swaminathan Sunder
CPC分类号： C10G1/086
摘要： An improved process for catalytic solvent refining or hydroliquefaction of non-anthracitic coal at elevated temperatures under hydrogen pressure in a solvent comprises using as catalyst a mixture of a 1,2- or 1,4-quinone and an alkaline compound, selected from ammonium, alkali metal, and alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides or salts of weak acids.
摘要翻译： 催化溶剂精制或在高温下在氢气压力下在溶剂中的非无烟煤的水解液的改进方法包括使用1,2-或1,4-醌与碱性化合物的混合物，其选自铵， 碱金属和碱土金属氧化物，弱酸的氢氧化物或盐。
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公开(公告)号：US20060082006A1
公开(公告)日：2006-04-20
申请号：US10967590
申请日：2004-10-18
申请人： Ian Zone , Clive Chalk , Kenneth Kovak , Swaminathan Sunder
发明人： Ian Zone , Clive Chalk , Kenneth Kovak , Swaminathan Sunder
IPC分类号： B01F3/04
CPC分类号： F25J3/04939 , B01D3/14 , B01D3/141 , B01J19/32 , B01J19/325 , B01J2219/32213 , B01J2219/32268 , B01J2219/32272 , B01J2219/32275 , F25J3/04927
摘要： A divided wall exchange column includes a dividing wall strengthened by stiffening members and/or a double wall design to better withstand pressure differentials and minimize temperature differentials. When a double wall is used, cost of manufacture and installation is minimized by reducing the manufacturing tolerances required while providing a design robust in construction, installation, and operation. When structured packing is used, the stiffening members, combined with positioning the layers of packing at preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, result in minimal interference with the heat and/or mass transfer process while minimizing the complexity of manufacture and construction of the packing. Further, by positioning the top layer of structured packing at other preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, a simplified liquid distributor design may be used in the divided wall exchange column while the layers below may still be orientated as described above with all the associated benefits.
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公开(公告)号：US06425574B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-30
申请号：US09213612
申请日：1998-12-18
申请人： Swaminathan Sunder
发明人： Swaminathan Sunder
IPC分类号： B01F304
CPC分类号： B01J19/32 , B01J19/325 , B01J2219/3221 , B01J2219/32213 , B01J2219/32227 , B01J2219/32244 , B01J2219/32262 , B01J2219/32268 , B01J2219/32408 , F25J3/04763 , F25J2200/04 , F25J2200/90 , F25J2290/10 , Y10S261/72
摘要： A layer of mixed-resistance structured packing includes: a first structured packing having a first packing resistance; and a second structured packing generally horizontally adjacent the first structured packing, the second structured packing having a second packing resistance different than the first packing resistance. The layer of mixed-resistance structured packing is used in exchange columns for exchanging heat and/or mass between a first phase and a second phase in processes such as cryogenic air separation. Use of the layer of mixed-resistance structured packing reduces HETP (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) in the exchange columns and processes. A method also is provided for assembling the layer of mixed-resistance structured packing in an exchange column.
摘要翻译： 一层混合电阻规整填料包括：具有第一填料电阻的第一规整填料; 以及大致水平地邻近所述第一规整填料的第二结构填料，所述第二规则填料具有与所述第一填料阻力不同的第二填料阻力。 混合阻力规整填料层用于交换塔，用于在诸如低温空气分离的过程中在第一相和第二相之间交换热量和/或质量。 混合电阻结构填料层的使用减少了交换柱和工艺中的HETP（相当于理论板的高度）。 还提供了用于将混合电阻规整填料层组装在交换柱中的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06357728B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09270310
申请日：1999-03-15
IPC分类号： B01F304
CPC分类号： B01J19/32 , B01J19/325 , B01J2219/3221 , B01J2219/32213 , B01J2219/32217 , B01J2219/3222 , B01J2219/32227 , B01J2219/32244 , B01J2219/32248 , B01J2219/32262 , B01J2219/32268 , B01J2219/32272 , B01J2219/32408 , B01J2219/32483 , B01J2219/3306 , B01J2219/3322 , B01J2219/3325 , F25J3/04412 , F25J3/04909 , F25J3/04915 , F25J2290/10
摘要： A structured packing having a surface area density in the range of about 500 m2/m3 to about 675 m2/m3 includes a plurality of corrugated plates disposed in vertically parallel relation. Each plate has at least one aperture and a plurality of regularly spaced and substantially parallel corrugations disposed in crisscrossing relation to the corrugations of an adjacent plate. The apertures have an equivalent diameter of less than about 4 millimeters but greater than about 2 millimeters. The corrugations have a corrugation angle (∝) relative to horizontal in the range of about 40° to about 60°. Each corrugation, when approximated to be substantially a triangular cross-section, has an included angle (&bgr;) defined by two sides of the corrugation in the range of about 90° to about 100°. The structured packing is used in exchange columns for exchanging heat and/or mass between a first phase and a second phase in processes such as cryogenic air separation. A method also is provided for installing the structured packing in an exchange column
摘要翻译： 具有约500m 2 / m 3至约675m 2 / m 3范围内的表面积密度的规整填料包括以垂直平行关系设置的多个波纹板。 每个板具有至少一个孔和多个规则间隔且基本上平行的波纹，其布置成与相邻板的波纹成十字交叉。 孔的等效直径小于约4毫米但大于约2毫米。 波纹相对于水平的波纹角（支撑）在约40°至约60°的范围内。 当近似为基本上三角形的横截面时，每个波纹具有在约90°至约100°的范围内由波纹的两侧限定的夹角（β）。 结构填料用于交换塔中，用于在诸如低温空气分离的过程中在第一相和第二相之间交换热量和/或质量。 还提供了一种用于将规整填料安装在交换柱中的方法
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公开(公告)号：US5122174A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-16
申请号：US663339
申请日：1991-03-01
CPC分类号： F28D9/0068 , F25J3/0409 , F25J3/04412 , F25J5/005 , F28D21/0017 , F25J2235/50 , F25J2245/50 , F25J2250/04 , F25J2290/32 , F28D2021/0033 , Y10S62/903
摘要： The present invention relates to a boiling process in a downflow heat exchanger and the heat exchanger itself with liquid distribution enhancing features which improve performance and allow safe and efficient operation. Performance enhancing features include a partially flooded hardway distribution region with a liquid volume fraction greater than about 0.25 and preferably greater than 0.5, adjusting the heat transfer surface area to maintain a liquid film Reynolds number above 20 and, preferably, above 50 yet less than 1000, preferably less than 300, for at least 75% of the reboiler surface, and, optionally, intermediate feeding of liquid at various intervals along the length of the heat exchanger to obtain more uniform values of liquid film Reynolds numbers and intermediate redistribution.
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公开(公告)号：US20130233016A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-12
申请号：US13412723
申请日：2012-03-06
CPC分类号： F25J3/04939 , B01D3/32 , B01J19/32 , B01J2219/3221 , B01J2219/32213 , B01J2219/3222 , B01J2219/32227 , B01J2219/32237 , B01J2219/32244 , B01J2219/32255 , B01J2219/32268 , B01J2219/32272 , B01J2219/32275 , B01J2219/32408 , B01J2219/32483 , B01J2219/3306 , B01J2219/3313 , F25J3/04412 , F25J3/04678 , F25J3/04909 , F25J2290/12 , Y10T29/4935
摘要： An apparatus for a heat transfer or mass transfer process, comprising a column or divided column having at least one pair of converging walls or wall portions and, within at least a region of the column or divided column bounded by at least one pair of converging walls or wall portions, a structured packing having a corrugation angle of at least about 50°; a method of heat and/or mass transfer applicable to the apparatus; and a method of installation of structured packing into a relevant apparatus.
摘要翻译： 一种用于传热或传质过程的装置，包括具有至少一对会聚壁或壁部分的柱或分隔柱，并且在至少一个由至少一对会聚壁限定的柱或分隔柱的区域内 或壁部分，具有至少约50°的波纹角的规整填料; 适用于该装置的热和/或传质方法; 以及将规整填料安装到相关装置中的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20130153037A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-20
申请号：US13328009
申请日：2011-12-16
CPC分类号： B01D3/008 , B01D3/20 , F25J3/04848 , F25J3/04927 , F25J2290/10 , Y10T29/49826 , Y10T137/0318
摘要： An apparatus for distributing a flow of a liquid descending in an inner space of a packed column includes: a collector to collect the flow of the liquid; a mixer below and vertically spaced apart from the collector to receive and mix the liquid collected; a first conduit to receive and transmit at least part of the liquid from a first sector of the collector to a first zone of the mixer; and a second conduit to receive and transmit at least part of the liquid from a second sector of the collector to a second zone of the mixer. A geometric center of the first sector of the collector is positioned circumferentially away from a geometric center of the first zone of the mixer and/or a geometric center of the collector's second sector is positioned circumferentially away from a geometric center of the mixer's second zone.
摘要翻译： 用于分配在填充塔的内部空间中下降的液体流的装置包括：收集器，用于收集液体的流动; 下面的混合器并且与收集器垂直间隔开以收集和混合所收集的液体; 第一管道，其将至少部分液体从收集器的第一部分接收并传输到混合器的第一区域; 以及第二导管，用于接收并将至少部分液体从收集器的第二扇区传送到混合器的第二区域。 收集器的第一扇区的几何中心位于周向远离混合器的第一区域的几何中心的位置和/或收集器第二扇区的几何中心位于周向远离混合器的第二区域的几何中心的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US07422197B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-09
申请号：US11951644
申请日：2007-12-06
IPC分类号： B01F3/04
CPC分类号： F25J3/04939 , B01D3/14 , B01D3/141 , B01J19/32 , B01J19/325 , B01J2219/32213 , B01J2219/32268 , B01J2219/32272 , B01J2219/32275 , F25J3/04927
摘要： A divided wall exchange column includes a dividing wall strengthened by stiffening members and/or a double wall design to better withstand pressure differentials and minimize temperature differentials. When a double wall is used, cost of manufacture and installation is minimized by reducing the manufacturing tolerances required while providing a design robust in construction, installation, and operation. When structured packing is used, the stiffening members, combined with positioning the layers of packing at preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, result in minimal interference with the heat and/or mass transfer process while minimizing the complexity of manufacture and construction of the packing. Further, by positioning the top layer of structured packing at other preferred angles relative to the dividing wall, a simplified liquid distributor design may be used in the divided wall exchange column while the layers below may still be orientated as described above with all the associated benefits.
摘要翻译： 分隔壁交换柱包括通过加强构件加强的分隔壁和/或双壁设计，以更好地承受压力差并最小化温差。 当使用双层墙壁时，通过减少所需的制造公差，同时在施工，安装和操作方面提供坚固的设计，可以最大限度地降低制造和安装成本。 当使用规整填料时，加强构件结合相对于分隔壁以优选角度定位填料层，导致对热和/或传质过程的最小干扰，同时最小化填料的制造和构造的复杂性 。 此外，通过将规则化填料的顶层定位在相对于分隔壁的其它优选角度，可以在分开的壁交换柱中使用简化的液体分配器设计，而下面的层可能仍然如上所述被定向并具有所有相关益处 。
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