摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer having a thickness of 2 nm to 70 nm, and a surface layer, which are disposed in this order on the conductive substrate. The refractive index n1 of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index n2 of the intermediate layer, and the refractive index n3 of the surface layer satisfy an inequality, n2>n3>n1.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided at a surface of the photosensitive layer. The surface layer contains a first layer which is provided at the photosensitive layer side and has a refractive index of n1 and a second layer which is provided at the opposite side of the first layer to the photosensitive layer and has a refractive index of n2. The refractive index of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index of the first layer, the refractive index of the second layer, the film thickness of the first layer, an integer of 0 or more, and the wavelength of light with which the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated when an electrostatic latent image is formed satisfy specific relationships.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided at a surface of the photosensitive layer The surface layer contains a first layer which is provided at the photosensitive layer side and has a refractive index of n1 and a second layer which is provided at the opposite side of the first layer to the photosensitive layer and has a refractive index of n2. The refractive index of the photosensitive layer (n0), the refractive index of the first layer (n1), the refractive index of the second layer (n2), the film thickness (nm) of the first layer (d1), an integer (a) of 0 or more, and the wavelength (nm) of light with which the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated when an electrostatic latent image is formed (λ) satisfy specific relationships.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer arranged on or above the electroconductive substrate; and a surface layer arranged on or above the photosensitive layer, and containing about 90% or more by atom of gallium (Ga), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), and having an atomic number density of about 7.8×1022 cm−3 or more.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided that suppresses the occurrence of non-uniformity of in-plane image density caused by a superfluous residual potential and defects such as cracks in an organic photoreceptor having a protective layer made of an inorganic thin film, and that simultaneously exhibits high durability and good electrical properties, and a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the same are provided.An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an organic photosensitive layer and one or more inorganic thin film layers disposed in this order on a conductive substrate, wherein among the one or more inorganic thin film layers at least an inorganic protective layer disposed directly on the organic photosensitive layer has cracks scattered at intervals from about 1 μm to about 10 mm.
摘要:
An oxide material including gallium, zinc and oxygen, a ratio of the number of atoms of zinc to the number of atoms of gallium (number of atoms of zinc/number of atoms of gallium) being from about 0.01 to about 0.6 and a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the sum of the number of atoms of gallium and the number of atoms of zinc (number of atoms of oxygen/(number of atoms of gallium+number of atoms of zinc)) being from about 1.0 to about 1.6, is disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a layer which includes the oxide material is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate; and a photosensitive layer including gallium, oxygen and zinc is also disclosed.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the same, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor prevents the generation of excessive residual potential, which usually occurs on a photoreceptor having a protective layer composed of an inorganic material, and achieves both of high durability and favorable electrical characteristics.An electrophotographic photoreceptor composed of a conductive substrate having thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface layer formed in this order, wherein the total composition ratio of a group 13 element, oxygen, and hydrogen to the total element content in the surface layer is 0.95 or more, and the abundance ratio of the oxygen to the group 13 element is from 1.1 to 1.5.
摘要:
There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising, in this order a substrate; a photosensitive layer; and a protective layer including oxygen and gallium, the protective layer including a first region and a second region that is present closer to the substrate than the first region and has a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the number of atoms of gallium (oxygen/gallium) larger than that in the first region.
摘要:
Disclosed is a planar monopole antenna including: a film formed of an insulating material; an antenna element which is a single-body planar conductor on the film; and a ground element which is a planar conductor on the film and kept at ground potential, wherein the antenna element includes: a first pole element which is formed of a planar body of a conductive material and has a feeding point; a capacitor element having a capacitor component and a coil element having a coil component, each of which is formed of a planar body of a conductive material and formed integral with the first pole element; and a second pole element which is formed of a planar body of a conductive material and formed integral with the capacitor element and the coil element.
摘要:
A film antenna comprises a base film formed of an insulating material; and first and second antenna elements of film-like electric conductors formed on the base film, wherein each of the first and second antenna elements is a planar shape in which two end faces from a feed point to a tip have two different lengths or a planar shape in which an end face and a diagonal line from a feed point to a tip have two different lengths, a core wire of a coaxial cable is connected to the first antenna element at the feed point, an external conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the second antenna element at the feed point, and the first and second antenna elements have an area as a capacitor for performing impedance matching.