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公开(公告)号：US5999852A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US62192
申请日：1998-04-17
申请人： Tarek Z. Elabbady , Fred W. Chapman , Joseph L. Sullivan , Richard C. Nova , Lawrence A. Borschowa
发明人： Tarek Z. Elabbady , Fred W. Chapman , Joseph L. Sullivan , Richard C. Nova , Lawrence A. Borschowa
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3943
摘要： A defibrillator method and apparatus wherein a patient's measured transthoracic impedance (TTI) is used to control the amount of energy contained in a defibrillation pulse applied to the patient. Prior to delivering a defibrillation pulse, the patient's TTI is measured by an impedance measuring circuit (11). The patient's TTI may also be measured during delivery of a prior defibrillation pulse. A microprocessor (23) uses the measured patient TTI to control the shape of the defibrillation pulse by controlling: (i) the phase duration of the defibrillation pulse; and (ii) the voltage level to which the defibrillator's capacitor bank (15) is charged. The defibrillation pulse shape is controlled so that the energy conveyed by the defibrillation pulse to the patient is near or exceeds a desired value. The desired value may be set by an operator via an energy selector (25). A switch (13) controls the connection of defibrillator electrodes (27a, 27b) to the impedance measuring circuit (11) and the capacitor bank (15).
摘要翻译： 一种除颤器方法和装置，其中患者测量的经胸阻抗（TTI）用于控制施加到患者的除颤脉冲中包含的能量的量。 在发送除颤脉冲之前，通过阻抗测量电路（11）测量患者的TTI。 患者的TTI也可以在递送以前的除颤脉冲期间被测量。 微处理器（23）使用测量的患者TTI通过控制以下步骤来控制除颤脉冲的形状：（i）除颤脉冲的相位持续时间; 和（ii）除颤器的电容器组（15）对其充电的电压电平。 控制除颤脉冲形状使得由除颤脉冲输送给患者的能量接近或超过期望值。 期望的值可以由操作者经由能量选择器（25）来设定。 开关（13）控制除颤电极（27a，27b）与阻抗测量电路（11）和电容器组（15）的连接。
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公开(公告)号：US06208895B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09172322
申请日：1998-10-13
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912 , A61N1/3962
摘要： An external defibrillator/pacer (8) includes an output circuit (14) with four legs arrayed to form an H-bridge coupled to an energy storage capacitor. The energy storage capacitor delivers an external defibrillation pulse with stored energy during a defibrillation mode and an external pacing pulse during a pacing mode. Each leg of the output circuit contains a switch (SW1-SW4). In a defibrillation mode, pairs of switches in the H-bridge are selectively switched to generate a biphasic defibrillation pulse. Three switches (SW1, SW3, SW4) are silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Gate drive circuits (51, 53, 54) are coupled to the SCRs to bias the SCRs with a voltage that allows the SCRs in response to control signals. One switch (SW2) includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). A gate drive circuit (52) is coupled to the gate of the IGBTs to provide a slow turn-on and a fast turn-off of the IGBT. In a pacing mode, a bypass circuit or current source circuit is used to provide a current path bypassing an SCR switch (SW3), which cannot be triggered by the relatively low current of pacing pulses. One of the SCRs (SW4) may be replaced with an IGBT to allow generation of the pacing pulse with opposite polarity of the first phase of the defibrillation pulse.
摘要翻译： 外部除颤器/起搏器（8）包括具有四个腿的输出电路（14），其排列成与耦合到储能电容器的H桥。 能量存储电容器在起搏模式期间在除颤模式和外部起搏脉冲期间提供具有存储能量的外部除颤脉冲。 输出电路的每条支路都有一个开关（SW1-SW4）。 在除颤模式中，选择性地切换H桥中的开关对以产生双相除颤脉冲。 三个开关（SW1，SW3，SW4）是可控硅整流器（SCR）。 栅极驱动电路（51,53,54）耦合到SCR，以便利用允许SCR响应于控制信号的电压来偏压SCR。 一个开关（SW2）包括绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）。 栅极驱动电路（52）耦合到IGBT的栅极，以提供IGBT的缓慢导通和快速关断。 在起搏模式中，使用旁路电路或电流源电路来提供旁路SCR开关（SW3）的电流路径，其不能由相对较低的起搏脉冲电流触发。 可以用IGBT代替SCR（SW4）中的一个，以允许产生与除颤脉冲的第一相位相反极性的起搏脉冲。
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3.发明授权H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator using single SCR and IGBT switches in an integrated package 失效用于在外部除颤器中使用单个SCR和IGBT开关在集成封装中产生高能双相波形的H桥电路公开(公告)号：US06963773B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-08
申请号：US10186218
申请日：2002-06-26
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An external defibrillator with an output circuit having four legs arrayed in the form of an “H” (an “H-bridge”) is disclosed. The output circuit is designed to be able to conduct a range of defibrillation pulse energies, from below 50 joules to above 200 joules. Each leg of the output circuit contains a solid-state switch. By selectively switching on pairs of switches in the H-bridge, a biphasic defibrillation pulse may be applied to a patient. The switches in three of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit are preferably SCR switches, while the fourth leg includes an IGBT switch. In one embodiment, a single power switch is utilized in each of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit, and are included in a single integrated module or package. The use of single semiconductor switches in an integrated surface mountable module or package simplifies the assembly and manufacturing of the defibrillator device. The use of a single IGBT in a leg of the H-bridge (as opposed to two or more IGBTs in series) also greatly simplifies the drive circuitry required to turn on and off the IGBT.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有以“H”形式（“H桥”）排列的四条腿的输出电路的外部除颤器。 输出电路设计为能够进行一系列除颤脉冲能量，从50焦耳到200焦耳以下。 输出电路的每条支路都包含一个固态开关。 通过选择性地开启H桥中的开关对，可以向患者施加双相除颤脉冲。 H桥输出电路的三个支路中的开关优选地是SCR开关，而第四支路包括IGBT开关。 在一个实施例中，在H桥输出电路的每个支路中使用单个电源开关，并且被包括在单个集成模块或封装中。 在集成的可表面安装的模块或封装中使用单个半导体开关简化了除颤器装置的组装和制造。 在H桥的支路（与串联的两个或更多个IGBT相反）中使用单个IGBT也大大简化了IGBT导通和关断所需的驱动电路。
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公开(公告)号：US06980856B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-27
申请号：US09760212
申请日：2001-01-12
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912 , A61N1/3962
摘要： An external defibrillator/pacer includes an output circuit with four legs arrayed to form an H-bridge. Each leg of the output circuit contains a switch. In a defibrillation mode, pairs of switches in the H-bridge are selectively switched to generate a biphasic defibrillation pulse. Three switches are silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Gate drive circuits are coupled to the SCRs to bias the SCRs with a voltage that allows the SCRs in response to control signals. One switch includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). A gate drive circuit is coupled to the gate of the IGETs to provide a slow turn-on and a fast turn-off of the IGBT. In a pacing mode, a bypass circuit or current source circuit is used to provide a current path bypassing an SCR switch, which cannot be triggered by the relatively low current of pacing pulses.
摘要翻译： 外部除颤器/起搏器包括具有四个腿的输出电路，以形成H桥。 输出电路的每条支路都有一个开关。 在除颤模式中，选择性地切换H桥中的开关对以产生双相除颤脉冲。 三个开关是可控硅整流器（SCR）。 栅极驱动电路耦合到SCR以通过响应于控制信号允许SCR的电压来偏置SCR。 一个开关包括绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）。 栅极驱动电路耦合到IGBT的栅极，以提供IGBT的缓慢导通和快速关断。 在起搏模式中，旁路电路或电流源电路用于提供旁路SCR开关的电流路径，其不能由相对较低的起搏脉冲电流触发。
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5.发明授权H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator 有权用于在外部除颤器中产生高能双相波形的H桥电路公开(公告)号：US06477413B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09706578
申请日：2000-11-03
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An external defibrillator with an output circuit having four legs arrayed in the form of an “H” (an “H-bridge”) is disclosed. The output circuit is designed to be able to conduct a range of defibrillation pulse energies, from below 50 joules to above 200 joules. Each leg of the output circuit contains a solid-state switch. By selectively switching on pairs of switches in the H-bridge, a biphasic defibrillation pulse may be applied to a patient. The switches in three of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit are preferably silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Gate drive circuits are coupled to the SCRs to bias the SCRs with a voltage that allows the SCRs to remain turned-on even when conducting low current. The switch in the fourth leg is preferably a pair of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) coupled in series. A gate drive circuit is coupled to the gate of the IGBTs to provide a slow turn-on and a fast turn-off of the IGBTs. The gate drive circuit also biases the IGBTs with a sufficient voltage to allow the IGBTs to withstand a shorted discharge of the external defibrillator through the output circuit. The circuit also includes a protective component that has both inductive and resistive properties. An internal energy dump may be performed by biasing on two legs on the same side of the H-bridge output circuit, thus eliminating the need for a separate energy dump circuit. Methods for testing the H-bridge and verifying its integrity are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有以“H”形式（“H桥”）排列的四条腿的输出电路的外部除颤器。 输出电路设计为能够进行一系列除颤脉冲能量，从50焦耳到200焦耳以下。 输出电路的每条支路都包含一个固态开关。 通过选择性地开启H桥中的开关对，可以向患者施加双相除颤脉冲。 H桥输出电路的三条腿中的开关优选是可控硅整流器（SCR）。 栅极驱动电路耦合到SCR，以使SCR的偏置电压允许SCR在导通低电流时保持导通。 第四支腿中的开关优选地是串联耦合的一对绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）。 栅极驱动电路耦合到IGBT的栅极，以提供IGBT的缓慢导通和快速关断。 栅极驱动电路还以足够的电压偏压IGBT，以允许IGBT经由输出电路承受外部除颤器的短路放电。 电路还包括具有电感和电阻特性的保护元件。 可以通过在H桥输出电路的同一侧上的两个支路上进行偏置来执行内部能量转储，从而不需要单独的能量转储电路。 还公开了测试H桥并验证其完整性的方法。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for verifying the integrity of an output circuit before and during application of a defibrillation pulse 失效用于在除颤脉冲施加之前和期间验证输出电路的完整性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5873893A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-23
申请号：US811834
申请日：1997-03-05
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3931 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An external defibrillator with a microprocessor for testing the integrity of an output circuit prior to and during the delivery of a multiphasic defibrillation pulse from an energy storage capacitor coupled to the output circuit is disclosed. The output circuit contains a plurality of switches. The integrity of the output circuit and the output switches is determined by selectively monitoring the changes in the voltage level on the energy storage capacitor while certain tests or functions are being performed. A scaling circuit steps down the voltage level of the high-energy storage device so that it can be measured and monitored by the microprocessor. The microprocessor may compensate for the failure of an output switch by locating a usable set of output switches and using them to provide a discharge path through the output circuit for application of a monophasic pulse.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有微处理器的外部除颤器，用于在耦合到输出电路的能量存储电容器的多相除颤脉冲之前和期间测试输出电路的完整性。 输出电路包含多个开关。 输出电路和输出开关的完整性是通过在执行某些测试或功能时选择性地监视储能电容器上的电压电平的变化来确定的。 缩放电路降低高能量存储设备的电压电平，使得其可以由微处理器测量和监测。 微处理器可以通过定位可用的一组输出开关来补偿输出开关的故障，并使用它们来提供通过输出电路的放电路径以应用单相脉冲。
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7.发明授权Method and apparatus for converting a monophasic defibrillator to a biphasic defibrillator 有权将单相除颤器转换为双相除颤器的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06487448B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09761307
申请日：2001-01-16
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3937
摘要： An upgrade kit and method for converting a typical monophasic defibrillator into a biphasic defibrillator is provided. The upgrade kit is easily connected to a typical monophasic defibrillator and uses control signals that are commonly available in most monophasic defibrillators. Such control signals include the signals for transferring the defibrillation pulse to the patient, and for dumping unwanted energy from the energy storage capacitor. In addition, the upgrade kit avoids the need for information as to the charge level of the storage capacitor by using a discharge method that allows the production of proper biphasic defibrillation pulses regardless of the initial energy settings of the storage capacitor. More specifically, the upgrade kit determines the desired length of the biphasic defibrillation pulses according to two measurements which are taken during the defibrillation pulse. These two measurements are converted to an index referenced in a look-up table to determine the desired lengths of the two phases of the biphasic defibrillation pulse.
摘要翻译： 提供了将典型的单相除颤器转换成双相除颤器的升级套件和方法。 升级套件可以轻松连接到典型的单相除颤器，并使用大多数单相除颤器中通常可用的控制信号。 这样的控制信号包括用于将除颤脉冲传送到患者的信号，并且用于从储能电容器倾倒不需要的能量。 此外，升级套件通过使用允许生产适当的双相除颤脉冲的放电方法避免了对存储电容器的充电水平的信息的需要，而与存储电容器的初始能量设置无关。 更具体地，升级套件根据在除颤脉冲期间拍摄的两次测量来确定双相除颤脉冲的期望长度。 这两个测量被转换成在查找表中引用的索引，以确定双相除颤脉冲的两相期望的长度。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06212429B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09170923
申请日：1998-10-13
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3937
摘要： An upgrade kit and method for converting a typical monophasic defibrillator into a biphasic defibrillator is provided. The upgrade kit is easily connected to a typical monophasic defibrillator and uses control signals that are commonly available in most monophasic defibrillators. Such control signals include the signals for transferring the defibrillation pulse to the patient, and for dumping unwanted energy from the energy storage capacitor. In addition, the upgrade kit avoids the need for information as to the charge level of the storage capacitor by using a discharge method that allows the production of proper biphasic defibrillation pulses regardless of the initial energy settings of the storage capacitor. More specifically, the upgrade kit determines the desired length of the biphasic defibrillation pulses according to two measurements which are taken during the defibrillation pulse. These two measurements are converted to an index referenced in a look-up table to determine the desired lengths of the two phases of the biphasic defibrillation pulse.
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9.发明授权H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator 有权用于在外部除颤器中产生高能量双相波形的H桥电路公开(公告)号：US06175765B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-16
申请号：US09287483
申请日：1999-04-06
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An external defibrillator with an output circuit having four legs arrayed in the form of an “H” (an “H-bridge”) is disclosed. The output circuit is designed to be able to conduct a range of defibrillation pulse energies, from below 50 joules to above 200 joules. Each leg of the output circuit contains a solid-state switch. By selectively switching on pairs of switches in the H-bridge, a biphasic defibrillation pulse may be applied to a patient. The switches in three of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit are preferably silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Gate drive circuits are coupled to the SCRs to bias the SCRs with a voltage that allows the SCRs to remain turned-on even when conducting low current. The switch in the fourth leg is preferably a pair of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) coupled in series. A gate drive circuit is coupled to the gate of the IGBTs to provide a slow turn-on and a fast turn-off of the IGBTs. The gate drive circuit also biases the IGBTs with a sufficient voltage to allow the IGBTs to withstand a shorted discharge of the external defibrillator through the output circuit. The circuit also includes a protective component that has both inductive and resistive properties. An internal energy dump may be performed by biasing on two legs on the same side of the H-bridge output circuit, thus eliminating the need for a separate energy dump circuit.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有以“H”形式（“H桥”）排列的四条腿的输出电路的外部除颤器。 输出电路设计为能够进行一系列除颤脉冲能量，从50焦耳到200焦耳以下。 输出电路的每条支路都包含一个固态开关。 通过选择性地开启H桥中的开关对，可以向患者施加双相除颤脉冲。 H桥输出电路的三条腿中的开关优选是可控硅整流器（SCR）。 栅极驱动电路耦合到SCR，以使SCR的偏置电压允许SCR在导通低电流时保持导通。 第四支腿中的开关优选地是串联耦合的一对绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）。 栅极驱动电路耦合到IGBT的栅极，以提供IGBT的缓慢导通和快速关断。 栅极驱动电路还以足够的电压偏压IGBT，以允许IGBT经由输出电路承受外部除颤器的短路放电。 电路还包括具有电感和电阻特性的保护元件。 可以通过在H桥输出电路的同一侧上的两个支路上进行偏置来执行内部能量转储，从而不需要单独的能量转储电路。
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10.发明授权H-bridge circuit for generating a high-energy biphasic waveform in an external defibrillator and further including a protective component that has both inductive and resistive properties 失效用于在外部除颤器中产生高能量双相波形的H桥电路，并且还包括具有电感和电阻特性的保护元件
公开(公告)号：US6041254A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-21
申请号：US35690
申请日：1998-03-05
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An external defibrillator (8) with an output circuit (14) having four legs arrayed in the form of an "H" (an "H-bridge") is disclosed. Each leg of the output circuit contains a solid-state switch (31, 32, 33, 34). By selectively switching on pairs of switches in the H-bridge, a biphasic defibrillation pulse may be applied to a patient. The switches in three of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit are preferably silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). Gate drive circuits (51, 53, 54) are coupled to the SCRs to bias the SCRs with a voltage that allows the SCRs to remain turned-on even when conducting low current. The switch in the fourth leg is preferably a pair of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) coupled in series. A gate drive circuit (52) is coupled to the gate of the IGBTs to provide a slow turn-on and a fast turn-off of the IGBTs. The gate drive circuit (52) also biases the IGBTs with a sufficient voltage to allow the IGBTs to withstand a shorted discharge of the external defibrillator through the output circuit. The circuit also includes a protective component (27) that has both inductive and resistive properties. The protective component (27) serves to both limit current during a defibrillation pulse, and to absorb energy during an internal energy dump. An internal energy dump is performed by biasing on the switches in two legs on the same side of the H-bridge output circuit (14), eliminating the need for a separate energy dump circuit.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有以“H”形式（“H桥”）排列的四条腿的输出电路（14）的外部除颤器（8）。 输出电路的每条支路包含固态开关（31,32,33,34）。 通过选择性地开启H桥中的开关对，可以向患者施加双相除颤脉冲。 H桥输出电路的三条腿中的开关优选是可控硅整流器（SCR）。 栅极驱动电路（51,53,54）被耦合到SCR，以使得SCR的电压以允许SCR保持导通的电压即使在低电流时也被保持接通。 第四支腿中的开关优选地是串联耦合的一对绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）。 栅极驱动电路（52）耦合到IGBT的栅极，以提供IGBT的缓慢导通和快速关断。 栅极驱动电路（52）还利用足够的电压对IGBT进行偏置以允许IGBT经由输出电路承受外部除颤器的短路放电。 电路还包括具有电感和电阻特性的保护元件（27）。 保护部件（27）用于在除颤脉冲期间限制电流，并且在内部能量转储期间吸收能量。 通过在H桥输出电路（14）的同一侧上的两个支路上的开关偏置来执行内部能量转储，从而无需单独的能量转储电路。
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