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公开(公告)号：US07215416B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-08
申请号：US11450327
申请日：2006-06-12
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01K11/32 , G01D5/35364 , G01K11/3206 , G01K15/00 , G01K15/002
摘要： Methods for calibrating and making measurements using fiber optic sensors are disclosed using backscattered wavelengths and independent sensors. The disclosure sets outs methods applicable with fiber optic sensors either in a deployed in a loop and in a linear configuration and useful for measurements including temperature.
摘要翻译： 使用背向散射波长和独立传感器公开了使用光纤传感器进行校准和测量的方法。 本公开提出了适用于光纤传感器的方法，其部署在环路中并且以线性配置，并且可用于包括温度的测量。
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公开(公告)号：US07126680B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-24
申请号：US11436162
申请日：2006-05-18
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01K11/32 , G01D5/35364 , G01K11/3206 , G01K15/00 , G01K15/002
摘要： Methods for calibrating and making measurements using fiber optic sensors are disclosed using backscattered wavelengths and independent sensors. The disclosure sets outs methods applicable with fiber optic sensors either in a deployed in a loop and in a linear configuration and useful for measurements including temperature.
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3.发明授权Methods and apparatus for mechanically enhancing the sensitivity of transversely loaded fiber optic sensors 有权用于机械增强横向负载光纤传感器灵敏度的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06218661B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09179146
申请日：1998-10-26
IPC分类号： G01J104
CPC分类号： G01L1/246 , G01D5/35316 , G01D5/35377 , G01K11/3206 , G01L9/0076 , G01L11/025
摘要： The apparatus of the present invention include an optical fiber with a Bragg grating formed along a portion of its core and a mechanical structure arranged adjacent to the Bragg grating for amplifying transverse strain on the fiber in the vicinity of the grating. In particular, the mechanical structure is designed to convert ambient pressure into transverse strain on the fiber in the vicinity of the grating. The methods of the invention include converting pressure into transverse strain on an optical fiber, amplifying the effect of pressure on the transverse strain, measuring pressure by determining the spacing between spectral locations related to peaks (or minimums) of light reflected from an optical grating subjected to transverse strain, and measuring the temperature of the grating by determining the locations of the spectral locations related to the peaks (or minimums) of light reflected from the grating. According to one embodiment, the mechanical structure includes a piston mounted in a transducer body through which the optical fiber passes.
摘要翻译： 本发明的装置包括具有沿其芯部的一部分形成的布拉格光栅的光纤和布置于布拉格光栅附近的用于放大光栅附近的光纤上的横向应变的机械结构。 特别地，机械结构被设计成在光栅附近将环境压力转换成光纤上的横向应变。 本发明的方法包括将压力转换成光纤上的横向应变，通过确定与从受光纤光栅所反射的光的峰值（或最小值）相关的光谱位置之间的距离来确定压力对横向应变的影响，测量压力 通过确定与从光栅反射的光的峰值（或最小值）相关的光谱位置的位置来测量光栅的温度。 根据一个实施例，机械结构包括安装在光纤通过的换能器主体中的活塞。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06304686B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-16
申请号：US09500501
申请日：2000-02-09
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： G01L11/025 , G01L9/0076 , G01L9/0089
摘要： Methods and apparatus for measuring differential pressure with fiber optic sensor systems are disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention include both monopolar and bipolar sensors, sensors incorporating side-hole fibers, sensors incorporating fibers without side holes, FBGs subjected to transverse strain, and FBGs subjected to longitudinal strain. All of the embodiments utilize FBGs. Two embodiments utilize a piston having oppositely extending rods, each of which is exposed to a different pressure. Seven embodiments utilize one or more silica diaphragms coupled to a silica body and exposed to two pressures. In each of these embodiments, pressure is converted into movement of the piston or diaphragm which is then used to strain the FBG(s). When each FBG is interrogated, the spectral information is indicative of the strain exerted by the piston or diaphragm on the FBG and thus the difference between the two pressures. Tenth and eleventh embodiments provide apparatus and methods of measuring a differential pressure.
摘要翻译： 公开了用光纤传感器系统测量差压的方法和装置。 本发明的装置包括单极和双极传感器，包含侧孔光纤的传感器，包含没有侧孔的光纤的传感器，经受横向应变的FBG和经受纵向应变的FBG。 所有实施例都使用FBG。 两个实施例利用具有相对延伸的杆的活塞，每个杆暴露于不同的压力。 七个实施例利用一个或多个耦合到二氧化硅体并暴露于两个压力的二氧化硅隔膜。 在这些实施例的每一个中，压力被转换成活塞或隔膜的运动，然后将其用于应变FBG。 当询问每个FBG时，光谱信息表示活塞或隔膜对FBG施加的应变，因此表示两个压力之间的差异。 第十和第十一实施例提供测量差压的装置和方法。
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5.发明授权Methods and apparatus for mechanically enhancing the sensitivity of longitudinally loaded fiber optic sensors 有权用于机械增强纵向加载光纤传感器灵敏度的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06246048B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-12
申请号：US09313603
申请日：1999-05-18
IPC分类号： H01J516
CPC分类号： G01L1/246
摘要： An optical fiber is provided with a Bragg grating formed along a portion of its core and a mechanical structure arranged adjacent to the Bragg grating for amplifying longitudinal strain on the fiber in the vicinity of the grating. The mechanical structure is designed to convert ambient pressure into longitudinal strain on the fiber in the vicinity of the grating and to allow the fiber to pass through the structure so that several pressure measuring apparatus may be arranged along a single optical fiber. An intermediate structure is provided between the fiber and the mechanical structure for minimizing buckling of the fiber. The methods of the invention include converting pressure into longitudinal strain on an optical fiber, amplifying the effect of pressure on the longitudinal strain, measuring pressure by determining the spectral location related to peaks (or minimums) of light reflected from an optical grating subjected to longitudinal strain.
摘要翻译： 光纤具有沿其芯部的一部分形成的布拉格光栅和布置在布拉格光栅附近的机械结构，用于放大光栅附近的光纤上的纵向应变。 机械结构被设计成将环境压力转换成在光栅附近的光纤上的纵向应变，并允许光纤通过结构，使得可以沿着单个光纤布置多个压力测量装置。 在纤维和机械结构之间提供中间结构以最小化纤维的弯曲。 本发明的方法包括将压力转换成光纤上的纵向应变，通过确定与经受纵向光栅的光栅反射的光的峰值（或最小值）相关的光谱位置来扩大压力对纵向应变的影响，测量压力 应变。
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公开(公告)号：US06946645B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-20
申请号：US10733531
申请日：2003-12-11
CPC分类号： G01L1/246
摘要： High-resolution measurement of a parameter is provided at multiple different locations simultaneously along an optic fiber. Light within a predefined range of wavelengths is transmitted into an optic fiber that contains multiple birefringent fiber optic pressure transducers, each including a Fiber Bragg Grating. Each grating defines a spatially modulated index of refraction and a wavelength that is unique within the system. A sweeping comb filter is used to apply optical comb filtering to light reflected from the transducers so as to pass filtered light having multiple spectral portions, each spectral portion associated with one transducer. The free spectral range of the sweeping comb filter is set to be approximately equal to the spectral range of a single spectral portion. Wavelength division multiplexing is applied to the filtered light so as to separate the spectral portions. The value of a parameter is preferably determined using the spectral spacing of two maxima of spectral intensity in each spectral portion.
摘要翻译： 沿着光纤同时在多个不同位置提供参数的高分辨率测量。 在预定波长范围内的光被传输到包含多个双折射光纤压力换能器的光纤中，每个包括光纤布拉格光栅。 每个光栅定义了空间调制的折射率和系统内唯一的波长。 扫描梳状滤波器用于对从换能器反射的光进行光梳滤波，以便通过具有多个频谱部分的滤波光，每个光谱部分与一个换能器相关联。 扫描梳状滤波器的自由频谱范围设置为近似等于单个频谱部分的频谱范围。 将波分复用应用于滤波后的光，以分离光谱部分。 优选地，使用每个光谱部分中的光谱强度的两个最大值的光谱间隔来确定参数的值。
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7.发明授权Methods and apparatus for enhancing dynamic range, sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution in fiber optic sensor systems 有权用于增强光纤传感器系统的动态范围，灵敏度，精度和分辨率的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06363180B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09303163
申请日：1999-04-30
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： G01L1/246 , G01D5/344 , G01D5/35383
摘要： Methods for enhancing dynamic range, sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution in fiber optic sensors include manipulating the polarization characteristics of the light entering a fiber optic sensor and/or manipulating the polarization characteristics of the light exiting the sensor before it enters the light detection system. An apparatus according to the invention includes a fiber optic core having one or more gratings written onto it, a light source and a detection system for detecting light transmitted through the grating or reflected by the grating. The light source and the spectral demodulation system may be coupled to opposite ends of the fiber optic (transmission mode) or may be coupled to the same end of the fiber optic through the use of a beam splitter and terminators (reflection mode). Apparatus according to the invention include a polarizer and controller located either between the light source and the fiber or between the fiber and the detection system. Other embodiments of the invention include a depolarizing scrambler before the detection system so that the light entering the detection system is depolarized. According to other embodiments, two detection systems are coupled to the fiber by a beam splitter.
摘要翻译： 用于增强光纤传感器中的动态范围，灵敏度，精度和分辨率的方法包括操纵进入光纤传感器的光的偏振特性和/或在进入光检测系统之前操纵离开传感器的光的偏振特性。 根据本发明的装置包括具有写入其中的一个或多个光栅的光纤芯，光源和用于检测透过光栅或由光栅反射的光的检测系统。 光源和光谱解调系统可以耦合到光纤的相对端（传输模式），或者可以通过使用分束器和终端器（反射模式）耦合到光纤的同一端。 根据本发明的设备包括位于光源和光纤之间或光纤与检测系统之间的偏振器和控制器。 本发明的其它实施例包括在检测系统之前的去极化扰频器，使得进入检测系统的光被去极化。 根据其他实施例，两个检测系统通过分束器耦合到光纤。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06751556B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-15
申请号：US10317556
申请日：2002-12-12
IPC分类号： G01V802
CPC分类号： G01K11/32 , G01D5/35364 , G01K11/3206 , G01K15/00 , G01K15/002
摘要： A technique usable with a subterranean well includes deploying a first optical sensor downhole in the subterranean well. The technique includes observing an intensity of backscattered light from the first optical sensor to measure a distribution of a characteristic along a portion of the well. The technique includes deploying a second sensor downhole to measure the characteristic at discreet points within the portion. The second sensor is separate from this first sensor and includes at least one interferometric sensor.
摘要翻译： 可用于地下井的技术包括在地下井中部署第一光学传感器。 该技术包括观察来自第一光学传感器的反向散射光的强度，以测量沿井的一部分的特征分布。 该技术包括在井下部署第二传感器以在该部分内的谨慎点处测量特征。 第二传感器与第一传感器分离，并包括至少一个干涉测量传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US07279678B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-09
申请号：US11203743
申请日：2005-08-15
申请人： A. Ballard Andrews , Jacques Jundt , Robert J. Schroeder , Bhavani Raghuraman , Oliver C. Mullins
发明人： A. Ballard Andrews , Jacques Jundt , Robert J. Schroeder , Bhavani Raghuraman , Oliver C. Mullins
IPC分类号： G01V8/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/3577
摘要： Methods and apparatus for analyzing a hydrocarbon mixture are disclosed, comprising at least one light-emitting diode (LED) and at least one photodetector positioned to detect energy transmitted by the LED through a sample of the hydrocarbon mixture. In at least one embodiment an optical filter is coupled to the output of the LED to mitigate the adverse effects of the LED's sensitivity to temperature.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于分析烃混合物的方法和装置，其包括至少一个发光二极管（LED）和至少一个光电检测器，其定位成检测通过烃混合物的样品的LED透射的能量。 在至少一个实施例中，光学滤波器耦合到LED的输出以减轻LED对温度的敏感性的不利影响。
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公开(公告)号：US07933018B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-26
申请号：US11204134
申请日：2005-08-15
申请人： Stephane Vannuffelen , Ahmed Hammami , Toru Terabayashi , Tsutomu Yamate , Terry Sopkow , John Ratulowski , John A. Kerr , Francois Auzerais , Robert J. Schroeder , Jeffrey A. Tarvin , Andrew L. Kurkjian , Laurent Prouvost
发明人： Stephane Vannuffelen , Ahmed Hammami , Toru Terabayashi , Tsutomu Yamate , Terry Sopkow , John Ratulowski , John A. Kerr , Francois Auzerais , Robert J. Schroeder , Jeffrey A. Tarvin , Andrew L. Kurkjian , Laurent Prouvost
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
摘要： The present invention contemplates implementation of transitory downhole video imaging and/or spectral imaging for the characterization of formation fluid samples in situ, as well as during flow through production tubing, including subsea flow lines, for permanent and/or long term installations. The present invention contemplates various methods and apparatus that facilitate one-time or ongoing downhole fluid characterization by video analysis in real time. The methods and systems may be particularly well suited to permanent and periodic intervention-based operations.
摘要翻译： 本发明考虑实施用于在现场表征地层流体样本的瞬时井下视频成像和/或光谱成像，以及用于永久和/或长期安装的生产管线（包括海底流动管线）的流动期间。 本发明考虑了通过视频分析实时地进行一次性或进行中的井下流体表征的各种方法和装置。 方法和系统可能特别适用于永久和周期性的基于干预的操作。
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