Abstract:
An apparatus for removal of ions from water having: a carbon coated first current collector; a second current collector; a spacer in between the first and second current collectors to allow water to flow in between the first and second current collectors; a first charge barrier in between the first carbon coated current collector and the spacer to selectively allow anions or cations to flow through the first charge barrier. The apparatus may have a second charge barrier coated on the carbon coated first current collector and in contact with the first charge barrier to improve contact. A third charge barrier functioning as a membrane may be provided in between the second current collector and the spacer.
Abstract:
An apparatus for removal of ions from water, the apparatus includes: a first functional layer system including a carbon coated first current collector and optionally a first charge barrier layer; a second functional layer system including a carbon coated second current collector and optionally a second charge barrier; and a spacer between the first and second functional layer systems to allow water to flow in between the first and second functional layer systems. An ionomer is provided to the first functional layer system and/or second functional layer system.