公开(公告)号：US06701787B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-09

申请号：US10223505

申请日：2002-08-19

申请人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

发明人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

IPC分类号： G01N2900

CPC分类号： G01N29/2437 ,  G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/2468 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/2634

摘要： A method and apparatus for analyzing a deposited layer on the inner surface of a fluid container wall having inner and outer surfaces are disclosed. One embodiment of the method comprises (a) transmitting an acoustic signal from a transmitter at a first distance from the outer surface of the wall; (b) receiving a first received signal A, comprising a reflection from the wall outer surface; (c) receiving a second received signal B, comprising a reflection from the wall inner surface; (d) receiving a third received signal C from the wall inner surface; (e) calculating a coefficient Rwp from A, B and C, and (f) calculating a coefficient Rpd from A, B and Rwp, and calculating the acoustic impedance of the deposited layer Zd from Rwp, Rpd, and Zw, where Zw is the acoustic impedance of the material between the transmitter and the wall outer surface. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a piezoelectric or ferroelectric transducer having front and back faces; a backing member acoustically coupled to said transducer back face and impedance-matched to said transducer element, said backing member having proximal and remote faces; and a delay material disposed between said transducer front face and the wall outer surface.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分析具有内表面和外表面的流体容器壁的内表面上的沉积层的方法和装置。 该方法的一个实施例包括（a）从距离壁的外表面第一距离的发射器发射声信号; （b）接收第一接收信号A，包括来自所述壁外表面的反射; （c）接收第二接收信号B，其包括来自所述壁内表面的反射; （d）从所述壁内表面接收第三接收信号C; （e）从A，B和C计算系数Rwp，以及（f）从A，B和Rwp计算系数Rpd，并从Rwp，Rpd和Zw计算沉积层Zd的声阻抗，其中Zw为 发射机和墙外表面之间的材料的声阻抗。 该装置的优选实施例包括具有正面和背面的压电或铁电换能器; 声学耦合到所述换能器背面并与所述换能器元件阻抗匹配的背衬构件，所述背衬构件具有近端面和远端面; 以及设置在所述换能器前表面和所述壁外表面之间的延迟材料。

公开(公告)号：US06568271B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-27

申请号：US09850962

申请日：2001-05-08

申请人： Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Wei Han ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

发明人： Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Wei Han ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

IPC分类号： G01N2920

CPC分类号： G01N29/11 ,  G01N29/4472 ,  G01N29/449 ,  G01N2291/0258 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  G01N2291/057 ,  G01N2291/105 ,  G01N2291/2634

摘要： A system for monitoring the presence of deposits or buildup on the inside wall of a fluid-containing pipe comprises a pair of acoustic transmitters outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of transmitting an acoustic signal into the pipe wall, a pair of acoustic receivers outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of receiving an acoustic signal from the pipe wall, and a power source for causing the transmitters to transmit a signal. A method for monitoring the presence of deposits or buildup on the inside wall of a fluid-containing pipe, comprises (a) providing first and second acoustic transmitters outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of transmitting an acoustic signal into the pipe wall, (b) providing first and second acoustic receivers outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of receiving an acoustic signal from the pipe wall, (c) transmitting a first signal from the first transmitter, (d) measuring the amplitude of the first signal received at the first and second receivers as A11 and A12, respectively, (e) transmitting a second signal from the second transmitter, (f) measuring the amplitude of the second signal received at the first and second receivers as A21 and A22, respectively, and (g) calculating the attenuation of the signal over the length of pipe using the values of A11, A12, A21 and A22.

摘要翻译： 用于监测流体容纳管的内壁上的沉积物或积聚物的存在的系统包括在管的外部的一对声发射体，并沿着管的长度间隔开，并且能够将声信号传输到管壁 ，一对声学接收器，位于管道外部并沿着管道的长度间隔开并且能够从管壁接收声学信号，以及用于使发射器发射信号的电源。 一种用于监测在含流体管道的内壁上的沉积物或积聚物的存在的方法包括：（a）在管道外部提供第一和第二声发射器，并沿管道的长度间隔开并且能够传输声学 信号进入管壁，（b）在管道外部提供第一和第二声学接收器并沿着管道的长度间隔开并且能够从管壁接收声学信号，（c）从第一个 （d）分别测量在第一和第二接收机处接收的第一信号的振幅为A11和A12;（e）从第二发射机发送第二信号;（f）测量在第一和第二接收机接收的第二信号的振幅， 分别为A21和A22的第一和第二接收机，（g）使用A11，A12，A21和A22的值计算管道长度上信号的衰减。

公开(公告)号：US06513385B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

申请号：US09851511

申请日：2001-05-08

申请人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm, Jr. ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

发明人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm, Jr. ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

IPC分类号： G01N2900

CPC分类号： G01N29/2437 ,  G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/2468 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/2634

摘要： A method and apparatus for analyzing a deposited layer on the inner surface of a fluid container wall having inner and outer surfaces are disclosed. One embodiment of the method comprises (a) transmitting an acoustic signal from a transmitter at a first distance from the outer surface of the wall; (b) receiving a first received signal A, comprising a reflection from the wall outer surface; (c) receiving a second received signal B, comprising a reflection from the wall inner surface; (d) receiving a third received signal C from the wall inner surface; (e) calculating a coefficient Rwp from A, B and C, and (f) calculating a coefficient Rpd from A, B and Rwp, and calculating the acoustic impedance of the deposited layer Zd from Rwp, Rpd, and Zw, where Zw is the acoustic impedance of the material between the transmitter and the wall outer surface. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a piezoelectric or ferroelectric transducer having front and back faces; a backing member acoustically coupled to said transducer back face and impedance-matched to said transducer element, said backing member having proximal and remote faces; and a delay material disposed between said transducer front face and the wall outer surface.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分析具有内表面和外表面的流体容器壁的内表面上的沉积层的方法和装置。 该方法的一个实施例包括（a）从距离壁的外表面第一距离的发射器发射声信号; （b）接收第一接收信号A，包括来自所述壁外表面的反射; （c）接收第二接收信号B，其包括来自所述壁内表面的反射; （d）从所述壁内表面接收第三接收信号C; （e）从A，B和C计算系数Rwp，以及（f）从A，B和Rwp计算系数Rpd，并从Rwp，Rpd和Zw计算沉积层Zd的声阻抗，其中Zw为 发射机和墙外表面之间的材料的声阻抗。 该装置的优选实施例包括具有正面和背面的压电或铁电换能器; 声学耦合到所述换能器背面并与所述换能器元件阻抗匹配的背衬构件，所述背衬构件具有近端面和远端面; 以及设置在所述换能器前表面和所述壁外表面之间的延迟材料。

公开(公告)号：US06656366B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09615344

申请日：2000-07-12

申请人： Gee Seng Fung ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel ,  James F. O'Sullivan

发明人： Gee Seng Fung ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel ,  James F. O'Sullivan

IPC分类号： B01D2101

CPC分类号： E21B43/36 ,  B08B9/055 ,  C10G31/06

摘要： An apparatus and method are provided for preventing or reducing buildup of certain solids in a system or a conduit containing or conveying a fluid. The fluid can be a single phase liquid, such as a liquid hydrocarbon, or a multiphase fluid such as a mixture of several immiscible liquids, for example liquid hydrocarbon and water, plus a gaseous phase that may include hydrocarbon vapors as well as other gases, for example carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. Preferably, the fluid is crude oil. The solids include all solids precipitating from fluids due to thermodynamically or chemical composition driven forces, as well as materials that can change phases. Preferably, the solids are solids typically dissolved in crude oil, such as higher paraffins, asphaltenes, hydrates, organic salts, and inorganic salts. The method involves passing the fluid through a treatment apparatus placed before the system or conduit under conditions sufficient to deposit the solids within the apparatus, slurrying the solids, and passing the resulting slurry to the system or conduit. The apparatus includes a passage having a length sufficient to effect substantially complete deposition of the solids.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种装置和方法，用于防止或减少含有或输送流体的系统或导管中某些固体的积聚。 流体可以是单相液体，例如液体烃或多相流体，例如几种不混溶液体，例如液体烃和水的混合物，以及可包括烃蒸气以及其它气体的气相， 例如二氧化碳，硫化氢等。优选地，流体是原油。 固体包括由于热力学或化学成分驱动力而从流体中沉淀的所有固体，以及可以改变相的材料。 优选地，固体是通常溶解在原油中的固体，例如较高的链烷烃，沥青质，水合物，有机盐和无机盐。 该方法包括将流体通过放置在系统或导管之前的处理装置，其条件是足以将固体沉积在装置内，使固体浆化，并将所得浆液送入系统或导管。 该装置包括具有足以实现固体的基本上完全沉积的长度的通道。

公开(公告)号：US4811788A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-14

申请号：US829431

申请日：1986-02-13

申请人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Yvonne Jeans

发明人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Yvonne Jeans

IPC分类号： C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/588 ,  C09K8/90 ,  E21B43/22

CPC分类号： C09K8/90 ,  C09K8/584 ,  Y10S507/936 ,  Y10S516/03

摘要： A composition is disclosed which comprises:(A) a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups of from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is a trivalent hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to about 16 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O or a mixture thereof; X is SO.sub.3.sup.-, SO.sub.4.sup.- or COO.sup.- ; and Y is an alkali metal or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently hydrogen or methyl; and n is a number ranging from zero to about 15; and(B) a compound represented by the formula R.sup.9 -(R.sup.10).sub.m A.sup.-D.sup.+ wherein: R.sup.9 is a hydrocarbyl group of from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; R.sup.10 is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O or a mixture thereof; A is SO.sub.3.sup.-, SO.sub.4.sup.- or COO.sup.- ; D is an alkali metal or ##STR3## wherein R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently hydrogen or methyl; and m is a number ranging from 1 to about 18. An enhanced oil recovery method employing the foregoing composition as a sufactant is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种组合物，其包含：（A）由下式表示的化合物：其中：R 1和R 2独立地为约2至约24个碳原子的烃基; R3是1至约16个碳原子的三价烃基; R4是CH2CH2O，CH2CH2CH2O或它们的混合物; X是SO 3 - ，SO 4 - 或COO-; Y是碱金属或者其中R 5，R 6，R 7和R 8独立地是氢或甲基; n为0〜15左右的数; 和（B）由式R9-（R10）mA-D +表示的化合物，其中：R 9为约8至约24个碳原子的烃基; R 10是CH 2 CH 2 O，CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O或其混合物; A是SO3-，SO4-或COO-; D是碱金属或者其中R11，R12，R13和R14独立地是氢或甲基; 并且m是1至约18的数。还公开了使用上述组合物作为表面活性剂的增强的油回收方法。

公开(公告)号：US4825950A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-02

申请号：US145687

申请日：1988-01-14

申请人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Tevhide G. Arf

发明人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Tevhide G. Arf

IPC分类号： C09K8/58 ,  C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/588 ,  C09K8/60 ,  E21B43/22

CPC分类号： C09K8/588 ,  C09K8/584 ,  Y10S507/936

摘要： A method is disclosed for recovering oil from a subterranean formation comprising injecting an aqueous composition into said formation and displacing said oil toward one or more production wells, said aqueous composition comprising:(A) from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of at least one anionic or amphoteric surfactant;(B) from about 0.02% to about 0.3% by weight of at least one polymeric thickener; and(C) from about 0.005% to about 0.1% by weight of at least one polymeric material having a flexible backbone and a higher polarizability than component (B).

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从地层中回收油的方法，包括将水性组合物注入所述地层并将所述油移向一个或多个生产井，所述水性组合物包含：（A）约0.01重量％至约5重量％ 至少一种阴离子或两性表面活性剂; （B）约0.02％至约0.3％重量的至少一种聚合物增稠剂; 和（C）约0.005％至约0.1％重量的至少一种具有柔性骨架的聚合物材料和比组分（B）更高的极化率。

公开(公告)号：US4979564A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-25

申请号：US451207

申请日：1989-12-15

申请人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Tevhide G. Arf

发明人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Tevhide G. Arf

IPC分类号： C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/588

CPC分类号： C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/588 ,  Y10S507/936

摘要： A method is disclosed for recovering oil from a subterranean formation comprising injecting an aqueous composition into said formation and displacing said oil toward one or more production wells, said aqueous composition comprising:(A) from about 0.05% to about 1.2% by weight of at least one compound represented by the formulaRO--(R').sub.n R"X.sup.- Y.sup.+wherein: R is a hydrocarbonyl group of from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; R' is ethoxy, propoxy or a mixture thereof; R" is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; X is a sulfate, sulfonate or carboxylate group; Y is a cation; and n is a number in the range of 1 to about 20; and(B) from about 0.02% to about 0.3% by weight of at least one polymeric thickener.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从地层中回收油的方法，包括将水性组合物注入所述地层并将所述油移向一个或多个生产井，所述水性组合物包含：（A）约0.05重量％至约1.2重量％ 由式RO-（R'）nR'X-Y +表示的至少一种化合物，其中：R为约8至约24个碳原子的烃基; R'是乙氧基，丙氧基或其混合物; R“是1至约20个碳原子的二价烃基; X是硫酸根，磺酸根或羧酸根基团; Y是阳离子; n为1〜20的数; 和（B）约0.02重量％至约0.3重量％的至少一种聚合物增稠剂。

公开(公告)号：US5076363A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-31

申请号：US667195

申请日：1991-03-11

申请人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Teyhide G. Arf

发明人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Teyhide G. Arf

IPC分类号： C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/588

CPC分类号： C09K8/588 ,  C09K8/584 ,  Y10S507/936

摘要： The present invention provides for a composition comprising: (A) at least one compound represented by the formulaRO--(R').sub.n R"X.sup.- Y.sup.+wherein: R is a hydrocarbyl group of from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms; R' is ethoxy, propoxy or a mixture thereof; R" is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; X is a sulfate, sulfonate or carboxylate group; Y is a cation; and n is a number in the range of 1 to about 20; (B) at least one polymeric thickener; and (C) at least one aldehyde. The invention also relates to the foregoing compositions provided in the form of aqueous concentrates or the form of dry or substantially dry compositions, and to a method of making such concentrates or dry or substantially dry compositions. The invention also relates to an enhanced oil recovery process using the foregoing composition to provide a low-tension, viscous waterflood.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供组合物，其包含：（A）至少一种由式RO-（R'）nR'X-Y +表示的化合物，其中：R为约6至约24个碳原子的烃基; R'是乙氧基，丙氧基或其混合物; R“是1至约20个碳原子的二价烃基; X是硫酸根，磺酸根或羧酸根基团; Y是阳离子; n为1〜20的数; （B）至少一种聚合物增稠剂; 和（C）至少一种醛。 本发明还涉及以水性浓缩物形式提供的前述组合物或干燥或基本上干燥的组合物的形式，以及制备这种浓缩物或干燥或基本上干燥的组合物的方法。 本发明还涉及使用上述组合物提供低张力粘性注水的强化油回收方法。

公开(公告)号：US4554974A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-26

申请号：US559524

申请日：1983-12-08

申请人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Keng S. Chan

发明人： Bayram Kalpakci ,  Keng S. Chan

IPC分类号： C09K8/584 ,  C09K8/90 ,  E21B43/22

CPC分类号： C09K8/905 ,  C09K8/584 ,  Y10S507/936

摘要： A method is disclosed for recovering petroleum from a subterranean reservoir penetrated by at least one injection well and at least one production well comprising: injecting into the reservoir through the injection well a surfactant slug comprising an aqueous solution containing about 0.001 to about 5% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant and an effective amount of a high molecular weight homopolysaccharide gum thickener derived from fungus strains of the genus Schlerotium to provide the surfactant slug with a viscosity exceeding the viscosity of the petroleum in the reservoir; and recovering fluid from the production well.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于从由至少一个注入井和至少一个生产井渗透的地下储层中回收石油的方法，包括：通过注入井向储存器注入包含约0.001至约5重量％的水溶液的表面活性剂块 的两性表面活性剂和有效量的衍生自Schlerotium属真菌菌株的高分子量均聚糖胶增稠剂，以提供粘度超过储层中石油粘度的表面活性剂团块; 并从生产井回收流体。