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    Acoustic sensor for pipeline deposition characterization and monitoring of pipeline deposits
    1.
    发明授权
    Acoustic sensor for pipeline deposition characterization and monitoring of pipeline deposits 有权
    用于管道沉积表征和监测管道沉积物的声学传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06701787B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-03-09

    申请号：US10223505

    申请日：2002-08-19

    申请人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

    发明人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

    IPC分类号： G01N2900

    CPC分类号： G01N29/2437 ,  G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/2468 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/2634

    摘要： A method and apparatus for analyzing a deposited layer on the inner surface of a fluid container wall having inner and outer surfaces are disclosed. One embodiment of the method comprises (a) transmitting an acoustic signal from a transmitter at a first distance from the outer surface of the wall; (b) receiving a first received signal A, comprising a reflection from the wall outer surface; (c) receiving a second received signal B, comprising a reflection from the wall inner surface; (d) receiving a third received signal C from the wall inner surface; (e) calculating a coefficient Rwp from A, B and C, and (f) calculating a coefficient Rpd from A, B and Rwp, and calculating the acoustic impedance of the deposited layer Zd from Rwp, Rpd, and Zw, where Zw is the acoustic impedance of the material between the transmitter and the wall outer surface. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a piezoelectric or ferroelectric transducer having front and back faces; a backing member acoustically coupled to said transducer back face and impedance-matched to said transducer element, said backing member having proximal and remote faces; and a delay material disposed between said transducer front face and the wall outer surface.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分析具有内表面和外表面的流体容器壁的内表面上的沉积层的方法和装置。 该方法的一个实施例包括（a）从距离壁的外表面第一距离的发射器发射声信号; （b）接收第一接收信号A，包括来自所述壁外表面的反射; （c）接收第二接收信号B，其包括来自所述壁内表面的反射; （d）从所述壁内表面接收第三接收信号C; （e）从A，B和C计算系数Rwp，以及（f）从A，B和Rwp计算系数Rpd，并从Rwp，Rpd和Zw计算沉积层Zd的声阻抗，其中Zw为 发射机和墙外表面之间的材料的声阻抗。 该装置的优选实施例包括具有正面和背面的压电或铁电换能器; 声学耦合到所述换能器背面并与所述换能器元件阻抗匹配的背衬构件，所述背衬构件具有近端面和远端面; 以及设置在所述换能器前表面和所述壁外表面之间的延迟材料。

    Guided acoustic wave sensor for pipeline build-up monitoring and characterization
    2.
    发明授权
    Guided acoustic wave sensor for pipeline build-up monitoring and characterization 有权
    引导声波传感器，用于管道建立监测和表征

    公开(公告)号：US06568271B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-05-27

    申请号：US09850962

    申请日：2001-05-08

    申请人： Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Wei Han ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

    发明人： Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Wei Han ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

    IPC分类号： G01N2920

    CPC分类号： G01N29/11 ,  G01N29/4472 ,  G01N29/449 ,  G01N2291/0258 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/0427 ,  G01N2291/057 ,  G01N2291/105 ,  G01N2291/2634

    摘要： A system for monitoring the presence of deposits or buildup on the inside wall of a fluid-containing pipe comprises a pair of acoustic transmitters outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of transmitting an acoustic signal into the pipe wall, a pair of acoustic receivers outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of receiving an acoustic signal from the pipe wall, and a power source for causing the transmitters to transmit a signal. A method for monitoring the presence of deposits or buildup on the inside wall of a fluid-containing pipe, comprises (a) providing first and second acoustic transmitters outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of transmitting an acoustic signal into the pipe wall, (b) providing first and second acoustic receivers outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of receiving an acoustic signal from the pipe wall, (c) transmitting a first signal from the first transmitter, (d) measuring the amplitude of the first signal received at the first and second receivers as A11 and A12, respectively, (e) transmitting a second signal from the second transmitter, (f) measuring the amplitude of the second signal received at the first and second receivers as A21 and A22, respectively, and (g) calculating the attenuation of the signal over the length of pipe using the values of A11, A12, A21 and A22.

    摘要翻译： 用于监测流体容纳管的内壁上的沉积物或积聚物的存在的系统包括在管的外部的一对声发射体，并沿着管的长度间隔开，并且能够将声信号传输到管壁 ，一对声学接收器，位于管道外部并沿着管道的长度间隔开并且能够从管壁接收声学信号，以及用于使发射器发射信号的电源。 一种用于监测在含流体管道的内壁上的沉积物或积聚物的存在的方法包括：（a）在管道外部提供第一和第二声发射器，并沿管道的长度间隔开并且能够传输声学 信号进入管壁，（b）在管道外部提供第一和第二声学接收器并沿着管道的长度间隔开并且能够从管壁接收声学信号，（c）从第一个 （d）分别测量在第一和第二接收机处接收的第一信号的振幅为A11和A12;（e）从第二发射机发送第二信号;（f）测量在第一和第二接收机接收的第二信号的振幅， 分别为A21和A22的第一和第二接收机，（g）使用A11，A12，A21和A22的值计算管道长度上信号的衰减。

    Acoustic sensor for pipeline deposition characterization and monitoring
    3.
    发明授权
    Acoustic sensor for pipeline deposition characterization and monitoring 有权
    用于管道沉积表征和监测的声学传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06513385B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

    申请号：US09851511

    申请日：2001-05-08

    申请人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm, Jr. ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

    发明人： Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm, Jr. ,  Rajnikant M. Amin ,  Bayram Kalpakci ,  Fouad Fleyfel

    IPC分类号： G01N2900

    CPC分类号： G01N29/2437 ,  G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/041 ,  G01N29/2468 ,  G01N29/28 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/2634

    摘要： A method and apparatus for analyzing a deposited layer on the inner surface of a fluid container wall having inner and outer surfaces are disclosed. One embodiment of the method comprises (a) transmitting an acoustic signal from a transmitter at a first distance from the outer surface of the wall; (b) receiving a first received signal A, comprising a reflection from the wall outer surface; (c) receiving a second received signal B, comprising a reflection from the wall inner surface; (d) receiving a third received signal C from the wall inner surface; (e) calculating a coefficient Rwp from A, B and C, and (f) calculating a coefficient Rpd from A, B and Rwp, and calculating the acoustic impedance of the deposited layer Zd from Rwp, Rpd, and Zw, where Zw is the acoustic impedance of the material between the transmitter and the wall outer surface. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a piezoelectric or ferroelectric transducer having front and back faces; a backing member acoustically coupled to said transducer back face and impedance-matched to said transducer element, said backing member having proximal and remote faces; and a delay material disposed between said transducer front face and the wall outer surface.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分析具有内表面和外表面的流体容器壁的内表面上的沉积层的方法和装置。 该方法的一个实施例包括（a）从距离壁的外表面第一距离的发射器发射声信号; （b）接收第一接收信号A，包括来自所述壁外表面的反射; （c）接收第二接收信号B，其包括来自所述壁内表面的反射; （d）从所述壁内表面接收第三接收信号C; （e）从A，B和C计算系数Rwp，以及（f）从A，B和Rwp计算系数Rpd，并从Rwp，Rpd和Zw计算沉积层Zd的声阻抗，其中Zw为 发射机和墙外表面之间的材料的声阻抗。 该装置的优选实施例包括具有正面和背面的压电或铁电换能器; 声学耦合到所述换能器背面并与所述换能器元件阻抗匹配的背衬构件，所述背衬构件具有近端面和远端面; 以及设置在所述换能器前表面和所述壁外表面之间的延迟材料。

    Method and apparatus for pulsed ultrasonic doppler measurement of wall deposition
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for pulsed ultrasonic doppler measurement of wall deposition 有权
    用于脉冲超声多普勒测量壁沉积的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06470749B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-10-29

    申请号：US09851509

    申请日：2001-05-08

    申请人： Wei Han ,  James R. Birchak ,  Crispin L. Richards ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin

    发明人： Wei Han ,  James R. Birchak ,  Crispin L. Richards ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  Bruce H. Storm ,  Rajnikant M. Amin

    IPC分类号： G01N2900

    CPC分类号： G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/07 ,  G01N29/38 ,  G01N29/449 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/017 ,  G01N2291/02854 ,  G01N2291/102 ,  G01N2291/2634

    摘要： A method for monitoring and measuring the buildup of deposits on the inner surface of a pipeline containing flowing fluid comprises (a) transmitting a first acoustic signal into the pipeline through the pipeline wall, (b) receiving echoes of the transmitted signal, and (c) determining from the received echoes how far from the pipeline inner surface the interface between the deposits and the flowing fluid lies. An alternative method for monitoring and measuring the buildup of deposits on the inner surface of a pipeline containing flowing fluid comprises (a) transmitting a first acoustic signal into the pipeline through the pipeline wall, (b) receiving echoes of the signal, and (c) using the Doppler frequency shift of the received echoes to determine how far from the pipeline inner surface the interface between the deposits and the flowing fluid lies. An apparatus for monitoring and measuring the buildup of deposits on the inner surface of a pipeline containing flowing fluid, comprises a first transmitter in acoustic communication with the pipeline wall and generating a transmitted signal, a first receiver in acoustic communication with the pipeline wall generating received echo signal from a received signal comprising the reflection of the transmitted signal off the flowing fluid, and a microprocessor for determining from the received echo signal how far from the pipeline inner surface the interface between the deposits and the flowing fluid lies.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于监测和测量包含流动流体的管道的内表面上的沉积物积累的方法，包括（a）通过管道壁将第一声信号传输到管道中，（b）接收所发射信号的回波，和（c ）从接收到的回波确定离开管道内表面有多远，沉积物和流动流体之间的界面位于。 用于监测和测量包含流动流体的管道的内表面上的沉积物积累的替代方法包括（a）通过管道壁将第一声信号传输到管道中，（b）接收信号的回波，和（c ）使用接收到的回波的多普勒频移来确定离开管道内表面的距离，沉积物和流动流体之间的界面位于多远处。 一种用于监测和测量包含流动流体的管道的内表面上的沉积物积累的装置，包括与管道壁声学连通并产生传输信号的第一发射器，与接收的管道壁声学连通的第一接收器 来自接收信号的回波信号包括从流动流体反射的发射信号;以及微处理器，用于根据接收到的回波信号确定沉积物和流动流体之间的界面离管道内表面有多远。

    Method and apparatus for treating a wellbore with vibratory waves to remove particles therefrom
    5.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for treating a wellbore with vibratory waves to remove particles therefrom 有权
    用振动波处理井眼以从其中除去颗粒的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06619394B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

    申请号：US09731873

    申请日：2000-12-07

    申请人： Mohamed Y. Soliman ,  Ali I. Mese ,  Clark E. Robison ,  James R. Birchak ,  Paul F. Rodney ,  Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  Eugene J. Linyaev ,  Mark A. Proett

    发明人： Mohamed Y. Soliman ,  Ali I. Mese ,  Clark E. Robison ,  James R. Birchak ,  Paul F. Rodney ,  Wei Han ,  Vimal V. Shah ,  Eugene J. Linyaev ,  Mark A. Proett

    IPC分类号： E21B2800

    CPC分类号： G01V1/44 ,  E21B28/00 ,  E21B43/003

    摘要： A process and apparatus for treating a wellbore, comprising subjecting a substantially same portion of the wellbore to vibratory waves produced by a plurality of vibratory wave generators. The vibratory waves may have about the same frequency or a plurality of frequencies, and the frequencies may partially overlap, not overlap, or be modulated across a range. Additionally, the frequencies may be modulated in an oval, hoop, and flexural modes. The vibratory waves may be produced by firing the vibratory wave generators simultaneously or in sequence. Combinations of a vibrating pipe, piston pulser, or valve may be used as vibratory wave generators. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness and change of thickness of a mudcake on the interior surface of a wellbore are measured to evaluate the effectiveness of the wellbore treatment.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于处理井眼的方法和装置，包括使井筒的基本相同的部分经受由多个振动波发生器产生的振动波。 振动波可以具有大约相同的频率或多个频率，并且频率可以部分地重叠，而不是重叠，或者在一个范围上被调制。 另外，频率可以以椭圆形，环形和弯曲模式进行调制。 振动波可以通过同时或依次点火振动波发生器来产生。 振动管，活塞式脉冲发生器或阀门的组合可用作振动波发生器。 在优选的实施方案中，测量在井筒内表面上的泥饼的厚度和厚度变化，以评估井眼处理的有效性。

    Acoustic sensor for fluid characterization
    7.
    发明授权
    Acoustic sensor for fluid characterization 有权
    用于流体表征的声学传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06817229B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

    申请号：US10384030

    申请日：2003-03-07

    申请人： Wei Han ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm, Jr. ,  Thomas E. Ritter

    发明人： Wei Han ,  James R. Birchak ,  Bruce H. Storm, Jr. ,  Thomas E. Ritter

    IPC分类号： G01N2900

    CPC分类号： E21B47/101 ,  E21B49/08 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/348 ,  G01N2291/015 ,  G01N2291/0222 ,  G01N2291/02416 ,  G01N2291/02433 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/02836 ,  G01N2291/105

    摘要： A method and apparatus for in-situ characterization of downhole fluids in a wellbore using ultrasonic acoustic signals. Measurements of the speed of sound, attenuation of the signal, and acoustic back-scattering are used to provide qualitative and quantitative data as to the composition, nature of solid particulates, compressibility, bubble point, and the oil/water ratio of the fluid. The tool generally comprises three sets of acoustic transducers mounted perpendicular to the direction of the flow. These transducers are capable of operating at different frequencies so that the spectrum of the acoustic signal can be optimized. The apparatus is capable of operating downhole to provide real time information as to conditions in the well.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用超声波信号在井筒中井下流体进行原位表征的方法和装置。 用于测量声速，信号衰减和声反散射的方法来提供关于固体颗粒的组成，性质，可压缩性，起泡点和流体的油/水比的定性和定量数据。 该工具通常包括垂直于流动方向安装的三组声换能器。 这些传感器能够以不同的频率操作，从而可以优化声信号的频谱。 该装置能够在井下操作以提供关于井中的条件的实时信息。

    Method of fluid rheology characterization and apparatus therefor
    10.
    发明授权
    Method of fluid rheology characterization and apparatus therefor 失效
    流体流变学表征方法及其设备

    公开(公告)号：US06378357B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

    申请号：US09524976

    申请日：2000-03-14

    申请人： Wei Han ,  John W. Minear ,  Ronnie G. Morgan ,  James R. Birchak

    发明人： Wei Han ,  John W. Minear ,  Ronnie G. Morgan ,  James R. Birchak

    IPC分类号： G01N1100

    CPC分类号： G01N29/345 ,  G01F1/663 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N29/036 ,  G01N29/343 ,  G01N29/38 ,  G01N2011/0073 ,  G01N2291/017 ,  G01N2291/02818 ,  G01N2291/02836 ,  G01N2291/102

    摘要： There is disclosed herein a method and apparatus that use ultrasonic signals to measure rheological properties of a fluid flow such as, e.g., the consistency index K, the flow behavior index n′, the yield stress &tgr;0, or other parameters of any given model for shear rate dependent viscosity &eegr;. In one embodiment, the method includes: (a) transmitting an acoustic signal into the fluid flow; (b) receiving acoustic reflections from acoustic reflectors entrained in the fluid flow; (c) determining a Doppler shift of the acoustic reflections in a set of time windows corresponding to a set of desired sampling regions in the fluid flow; and (d) analyzing the Doppler shifts associated with the set of sampling regions to determine one or more rheological properties of the fluid flow. The frequency shift caused by motion of the fluid is proportional to the velocity of the fluid, and this allows the construction of a velocity profile of the fluid flow stream. The velocity profile can be normalized and “matched” to one of a family of velocity profile templates, and the rheological properties identified by the curve that matches best. Alternatively, the shear rate as a function of shear stress can be calculated from the measurements, and these values may be used to find each of the parameters directly. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a transmitter, a receiver, and an electronic module. The transmitter transmits an acoustic signal into the fluid flow. The receiver receives reflections of the acoustic signal from entrained acoustic reflection sources in the fluid flow. The electronic module is coupled to the transmitter and receiver, and is configured to provide a pulsed high frequency signal to the transmitter and, responsive to the signal from the receiver, to determine a velocity vs. position profile of the fluid flow.

    摘要翻译： 这里公开了一种方法和装置，其使用超声信号来测量流体流动的流变特性，例如一致性指数K，流动行为指数n'，屈服应力＆lt; 0或任何给定的其他参数 剪切速率依赖粘度等级模型 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：（a）将声信号传输到流体流中; （b）从夹带在流体流中的声反射器接收声反射; （c）确定在一组对应于所述流体流中期望的采样区域的时间窗口中的声反射的多普勒频移; 以及（d）分析与该组采样区域相关联的多普勒频移，以确定流体流动的一个或多个流变特性。 由流体运动引起的频率偏移与流体的速度成比例，这允许构建流体流动流的速度分布。 速度分布可以归一化，并与一系列速度分布模板中的一个进行归一化，并且通过曲线确定的最佳匹配的流变特性。 或者，可以从测量中计算作为剪切应力的函数的剪切速率，并且可以使用这些值来直接找到每个参数。 在一个实施例中，该装置包括发射器，接收器和电子模块。 发射器将声信号发送到流体流中。 接收器接收来自流体流中夹带的声反射源的声信号的反射。 电子模块耦合到发射器和接收器，并且被配置为向发射器提供脉冲高频信号，并且响应于来自接收器的信号来确定流体流的速度与位置分布。