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公开(公告)号：US20130311149A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-21
申请号：US13849270
申请日：2013-03-22
申请人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly Baumstein , David L. Hinkley
发明人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly Baumstein , David L. Hinkley
IPC分类号： G06F17/50
摘要： Method for improving convergence in gradient-based iterative inversion of seismic data (101), especially advantageous for full wavefield inversion. The method comprises decomposing the gradient into two (or more) components (103), typically the migration component and the tomographic component, then weighting the components to compensate for unequal frequency content in the data (104), then recombining the weighted components (105), and using the recombined gradient to update (106) the physical properties model (102).
摘要翻译： 改进地震数据梯度迭代反演收敛的方法（101），特别适用于全波场反演。 该方法包括将梯度分解为两个（或多个）分量（103），通常是迁移分量和断层分量，然后对分量进行加权以补偿数据（104）中的不等频率内容，然后将加权分量（105 ），并使用重组梯度更新（106）物理性质模型（102）。
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2.发明申请Methods For Subsurface Parameter Estimation In Full Wavefield Inversion And Reverse-Time Migration 有权全波场反演和反向时间迁移的地下参数估计方法公开(公告)号：US20110194379A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-11
申请号：US12984412
申请日：2011-01-04
IPC分类号： G01V1/28
CPC分类号： G01V1/00 , G01V1/28 , G01V1/282 , G01V1/301 , G01V1/306 , G01V1/368 , G01V2210/51 , G01V2210/614 , G01V2210/622 , G01V2210/663 , G01V2210/675 , G01V2210/679
摘要： Method for converting seismic data to obtain a subsurface model of, for example, bulk modulus or density. The gradient of an objective function is computed (103) using the seismic data (101) and a background subsurface medium model (102). The source and receiver illuminations are computed in the background model (104). The seismic resolution volume is computed using the velocities of the background model (105). The gradient is converted into the difference subsurface model parameters (106) using the source and receiver illumination, seismic resolution volume, and the background subsurface model. These same factors may be used to compensate seismic data migrated by reverse time migration, which can then be related to a subsurface bulk modulus model. For iterative inversion, the difference subsurface model parameters (106) are used as preconditioned gradients (107).
摘要翻译： 用于转换地震数据以获得例如体积模量或密度的地下模型的方法。 使用地震数据（101）和背景地下介质模型（102）计算目标函数的梯度（103）。 源和接收器照明在背景模型（104）中计算。 使用背景模型（105）的速度计算地震解析度。 使用源和接收器照明，地震分辨率体积和背景地下模型将梯度转换为差分地下模型参数（106）。 这些相同的因素可以用于补偿通过反向时间迁移迁移的地震数据，其然后可以与地下体积模量模型相关。 对于迭代反演，差分地下模型参数（106）用作预处理梯度（107）。
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3.发明授权Methods for subsurface parameter estimation in full wavefield inversion and reverse-time migration 有权全波场反演和反向时间迁移的地下参数估计方法公开(公告)号：US08537638B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-17
申请号：US12984412
申请日：2011-01-04
CPC分类号： G01V1/00 , G01V1/28 , G01V1/282 , G01V1/301 , G01V1/306 , G01V1/368 , G01V2210/51 , G01V2210/614 , G01V2210/622 , G01V2210/663 , G01V2210/675 , G01V2210/679
摘要： Method for converting seismic data to obtain a subsurface model of, for example, bulk modulus or density. The gradient of an objective function is computed (103) using the seismic data (101) and a background subsurface medium model (102). The source and receiver illuminations are computed in the background model (104). The seismic resolution volume is computed using the velocities of the background model (105). The gradient is converted into the difference subsurface model parameters (106) using the source and receiver illumination, seismic resolution volume, and the background subsurface model. These same factors may be used to compensate seismic data migrated by reverse time migration, which can then be related to a subsurface bulk modulus model. For iterative inversion, the difference subsurface model parameters (106) are used as preconditioned gradients (107).
摘要翻译： 用于转换地震数据以获得例如体积模量或密度的地下模型的方法。 使用地震数据（101）和背景地下介质模型（102）计算目标函数的梯度（103）。 源和接收器照明在背景模型（104）中计算。 使用背景模型（105）的速度计算地震解析度。 使用源和接收器照明，地震分辨率体积和背景地下模型将梯度转换为差分地下模型参数（106）。 这些相同的因素可以用于补偿通过反向时间迁移迁移的地震数据，其然后可以与地下体积模量模型相关。 对于迭代反演，差分地下模型参数（106）用作预处理梯度（107）。
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4.发明授权Methods for approximating hessian times vector operation in full wavefield inversion 有权在全波场反演中近似粗糙时间向量运算的方法公开(公告)号：US09176930B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-03
申请号：US13655171
申请日：2012-10-18
申请人： Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly Baumstein
发明人： Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly Baumstein
CPC分类号： G06F17/16 , G01V1/28 , G01V1/282 , G01V2210/614 , G01V2210/67 , G01V2210/679
摘要： Method for estimating the Hessian of the objective function, times a vector, in order to compute an update in an iterative optimization solution to a partial differential equation such as the wave equation, used for example in full wave field inversion of seismic data. The Hessian times vector operation is approximated as one forward wave propagation (24) and one gradient computation (25) in a modified subsurface model (23). The modified subsurface model may be a linear combination of the current subsurface model (20) and the vector (21) to be multiplied by the Hessian matrix. The forward-modeled data from the modified model are treated as a field measurement in the data residual of the objective function for the gradient computation in the modified model. In model parameter estimation by iterative inversion of geophysical data, the vector in the first iteration may be the gradient of the objective function.
摘要翻译： 用于估计目标函数的Hessian乘以向量的方法，以便计算迭代优化方案中的一个偏微分方程的更新，例如用于例如在地震数据的全波场反演中的波动方程。 在修改后的地下模型（23）中，Hessian时间向量运算近似为一个正向波传播（24）和一个梯度计算（25）。 修改的地下模型可以是当前地下模型（20）和矢量（21）的线性组合，以乘以Hessian矩阵。 修正模型的前向建模数据被视为修正模型中梯度计算的目标函数的数据残差中的场测量。 在通过地球物理数据迭代反演的模型参数估计中，第一次迭代中的向量可能是目标函数的梯度。
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5.发明申请Accelerating Full Wavefield Inversion with Nonstationary Point-Spread Functions 审中-公开用非稳态点扩散函数加速全波场反演公开(公告)号：US20150073755A1
公开(公告)日：2015-03-12
申请号：US14330767
申请日：2014-07-14
申请人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee
发明人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee
CPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V2210/66 , G06F17/5009 , G06F2217/16
摘要： Method for reducing computational time in inversion of geophysical data to infer a physical property model (91), especially advantageous in full wavefield inversion of seismic data. An approximate Hessian is pre-calculated by computing the product of the exact Hessian and a sampling vector composed of isolated point diffractors (82), and the approximate Hessian is stored in computer hard disk or memory (83). The approximate Hessian is then retrieved when needed (99) for computing its product with the gradient (93) of an objective function or other vector. Since the approximate Hessian is very sparse (diagonally dominant), its product with a vector may therefore be approximated very efficiently with good accuracy. Once the approximate Hessian is computed and stored, computing its product with a vector requires no simulator calls (wavefield propagations) at all. The pre-calculated approximate Hessian can also be reused in the subsequent steps whenever necessary.
摘要翻译： 减少地球物理数据反演中的计算时间推断物理性质模型的方法（91），在地震数据的全波场反演中特别有利。 通过计算确切的Hessian和由孤立点衍射器（82）组成的采样矢量的乘积，预先计算近似的Hessian，并将近似Hessian存储在计算机硬盘或存储器（83）中。 然后，当需要（99）用于使用目标函数或其他向量的梯度（93）计算其乘积时，检索近似的Hessian。 由于近似的Hessian是非常稀疏的（对角占优势的），因此可以非常有效地逼近具有向量的乘积。 一旦计算和存储近似的Hessian，用矢量计算其乘积就不需要模拟器调用（波场传播）。 预先计算的近似黑森西也可以在随后的步骤中重复使用。
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6.发明申请Methods for Approximating Hessian Times Vector Operation in Full Wavefield Inversion 审中-公开在全波场反演中近似Hessian Times矢量运算的方法公开(公告)号：US20130138408A1
公开(公告)日：2013-05-30
申请号：US13655171
申请日：2012-10-18
申请人： Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly Baumstein
发明人： Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly Baumstein
IPC分类号： G06F17/10
CPC分类号： G06F17/16 , G01V1/28 , G01V1/282 , G01V2210/614 , G01V2210/67 , G01V2210/679
摘要： Method for estimating the Hessian of the objective function, times a vector, in order to compute an update in an iterative optimization solution to a partial differential equation such as the wave equation, used for example in full wave field inversion of seismic data. The Hessian times vector operation is approximated as one forward wave propagation (24) and one gradient computation (25) in a modified subsurface model (23). The modified subsurface model may be a linear combination of the current subsurface model (20) and the vector (21) to be multiplied by the Hessian matrix. The forward-modeled data from the modified model are treated as a field measurement in the data residual of the objective function for the gradient computation in the modified model. In model parameter estimation by iterative inversion of geophysical data, the vector in the first iteration may be the gradient of the objective function.
摘要翻译： 用于估计目标函数的Hessian乘以向量的方法，以便计算迭代优化方案中的一个偏微分方程的更新，例如用于例如在地震数据的全波场反演中的波动方程。 在修改后的地下模型（23）中，Hessian时间向量运算近似为一个正向波传播（24）和一个梯度计算（25）。 修改的地下模型可以是当前地下模型（20）和矢量（21）的线性组合，以乘以Hessian矩阵。 修正模型的前向建模数据被视为修正模型中梯度计算的目标函数的数据残差中的场测量。 在通过地球物理数据迭代反演的模型参数估计中，第一次迭代中的向量可能是目标函数的梯度。
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公开(公告)号：US10036818B2
公开(公告)日：2018-07-31
申请号：US14330767
申请日：2014-07-14
申请人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee
发明人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee
CPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V2210/66 , G06F17/5009 , G06F2217/16
摘要： Method for reducing computational time in inversion of geophysical data to infer a physical property model (91), especially advantageous in full wavefield inversion of seismic data. An approximate Hessian is pre-calculated by computing the product of the exact Hessian and a sampling vector composed of isolated point diffractors (82), and the approximate Hessian is stored in computer hard disk or memory (83). The approximate Hessian is then retrieved when needed (99) for computing its product with the gradient (93) of an objective function or other vector. Since the approximate Hessian is very sparse (diagonally dominant), its product with a vector may therefore be approximated very efficiently with good accuracy. Once the approximate Hessian is computed and stored, computing its product with a vector requires no simulator calls (wavefield propagations) at all. The pre-calculated approximate Hessian can also be reused in the subsequent steps whenever necessary.
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公开(公告)号：US20150293246A1
公开(公告)日：2015-10-15
申请号：US14656389
申请日：2015-03-12
申请人： Thomas A. Dickens , Sunwoong Lee , Yaxun Tang
发明人： Thomas A. Dickens , Sunwoong Lee , Yaxun Tang
CPC分类号： G01V1/282 , G01V1/303 , G01V1/306 , G01V1/307 , G01V2210/614 , G01V2210/622 , G01V2210/665 , G01V2210/673 , G01V2210/675
摘要： A basically time-domain method for performing full wavefield inversion of seismic data to infer a subsurface physical property model (61), where however at least one quantity required for the inversion, such as the Hessian of the cost function, is computed in the frequency domain (64). The frequency-domain quantity or quantities may be obtained at only a few discrete frequencies (62), preferably low frequencies, and may be computed on a coarse spatial grid, thus saving computing time with minimal loss in accuracy. For example, the simulations of predicted data and the broadband gradient of the objective function may be computed in the time domain (67), and the Hessian matrix, approximated by its diagonal, may be computed in the frequency domain. It may be preferable to use time-domain and the frequency-domain solvers that employ different numerical schemes, such as finite-difference method, one-way wave equation, finite-element method (63).
摘要翻译： 用于执行地震数据的全波场反演以推断地下物理属性模型（61）的基本时域方法（61），然而，在频率中计算反演所需的至少一个数量，例如成本函数的Hessian 域（64）。 可以仅在几个离散频率（62），优选低频率处获得频域量或量，并且可以在粗略的空间网格上计算，从而以最小的精度损失节省计算时间。 例如，可以在时域（67）中计算目标函数的预测数据和宽带梯度的模拟，并且可以在频域中计算由其对角线近似的Hessian矩阵。 使用有限差分法，单向波动方程，有限元法（63），采用不同数值方案的时域优化和频域求解器。
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公开(公告)号：US10739480B2
公开(公告)日：2020-08-11
申请号：US15893898
申请日：2018-02-12
摘要： A computer-implemented method for updating subsurface models including: using an offset continuation approach to update the model, and at each stage defining a new objective function where a maximum offset for each stage is set, wherein the approach includes, performing a first stage iterative full wavefield inversion with near offset data, as the maximum offset, to obtain velocity and density or impedance models, performing subsequent stages of iterative full wavefield inversion, each generating updated models, relative to a previous stage, wherein the subsequent stages include incrementally expanding the maximum offset until ending at a full offset, wherein a last of the stages yields finally updated models, the subsequent stages use the updated models as starting models, and the full wavefield inversions include constraining scales of the velocity model updates at each stage of inversion as a function of velocity resolution; and using the finally updated models to prospect for hydrocarbons.
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公开(公告)号：US10698126B2
公开(公告)日：2020-06-30
申请号：US15614954
申请日：2017-06-06
申请人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly I Baumstein , Volkan Akcelik
发明人： Yaxun Tang , Sunwoong Lee , Anatoly I Baumstein , Volkan Akcelik
摘要： A computer-implemented method for updating a physical properties model of a subsurface region in an iterative inversion of seismic data using a gradient of a cost function that compares the seismic data to model-simulated data, said method comprising: obtaining a contrast model of a subsurface physical parameter that is sensitive to data dynamics and a kinematic model of a subsurface physical parameter; determining a gradient of a cost function using the contrast model and the kinematic model, wherein the cost function compares seismic data to model-simulated data; updating the kinematic model using a search direction derived from the gradient; adapting the contrast model according to an update to the kinematic model performed in the updating step; iteratively repeating the determining, updating, and adapting steps until a predetermined stopping criteria is reached, and generating a subsurface image from a finally updated kinematic model; and using the subsurface image to prospect for hydrocarbons.
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