摘要:
A system and method are disclosed wherein differential heat transfer resistances are used to effectively and efficiently detect the early onset of deposit accumulation in industrial fluid processes and fluid transport vehicles.According to one embodiment, a probe is provided in conjunction with a heat source, a water source and a probe. The probe is comprised of a heat transfer surface, a first part of which is covered only by a thin metal layer. The second or remaining portion of the heat transfer surface is covered by a heat flux sensor and a thin metal layer. The metal layers of both the first and second areas of the probe are connected, and water flows across the full heat transfer surface. Deposition forms on a portion of the heat transfer surface as a result of slow water flow and elevated water temperature. The temperatures of the heat source, water source, and heat flux are measured. The deposition rate as a rate of change of heat transfer resistance is measured.
摘要:
A sensor system for determining a concentration of chemical and biological analytes is disclosed, which comprises a disposable reagent-carrying pipette tip; a liquid handling unit to which the pipette tip can be detachably mounted, the liquid handling unit capable of withdrawing liquid into the pipette tip; at least one light source; at least one photodetector, the detector capable of generating an electronic signal response indicative of light passed through or generated from the interior space of the pipette tip; and an electronic circuit means for processing, storing and transmitting the electronic signal response and controlling the light source.