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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US11342130B2
公开(公告)日：2022-05-24
申请号：US16426341
申请日：2019-05-30
摘要： A continuous inline method for production of photovoltaic devices at high speed includes: providing a substrate; depositing a first carrier transport solution layer with a first carrier transport deposition device to form a first carrier transport layer on the substrate; depositing a Perovskite solution comprising solvent and perovskite precursor materials with a Perovskite solution deposition device on the first carrier transport layer; drying the deposited Perovskite solution to form a Perovskite absorber layer; and depositing a second carrier transport solution with a second carrier transport deposition device to form a second carrier transport layer on the Perovskite absorber layer, wherein the deposited Perovskite solution is dried at least partially with a fast drying device which causes a conversion reaction and the Perovskite solution to change in optical density by at least a factor of 2 in less than 0.5 seconds after the fast drying device first acts on the Perovskite solution.
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公开(公告)号：US20130270425A1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-17
申请号：US13444354
申请日：2012-04-11
申请人： Stephan DeLuca , Sitaraman Krishnan
发明人： Stephan DeLuca , Sitaraman Krishnan
CPC分类号： H01L51/0034 , C08F8/00 , C08F38/02 , C08G2261/126 , C08G2261/3327 , C08G2261/418 , C08G2261/75 , C08G2261/80 , C08J5/18 , G02B5/3033 , H01B1/12 , H01B1/125 , H01L51/0043 , H01L51/0097 , H01L51/42 , H01L51/441 , Y02E10/549
摘要： The present invention relates conductive nanostructured copolymer materials, such as thin film. In particular, the nanostructured copolymer material comprises plurality of chains substantially parallel to each other, each conductive chain comprising a plurality of conductive polyacetylene polymer blocks positioned along the chain and a plurality of polar poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer blocks in between the polyacetylene polymer blocks to form a pattern of alternatively repeating polyacetylene polymer blocks and poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer blocks and a ratio of polyacetylene polymer to poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer to provide the nanostructured copolymer material with conductivity of at least 1 S/cm. In some aspects, the invention relates to photoelectric devices comprising a nanostructured copolymer material and capable to convert light to electrical current.
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公开(公告)号：US20100038526A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：US12228784
申请日：2008-08-14
申请人： Douglas Anson Loy , Dylan J. Boday , Jason T. Werd
发明人： Douglas Anson Loy , Dylan J. Boday , Jason T. Werd
CPC分类号： C09K11/06 , C09B69/008 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029
摘要： The chemical composition and method of the invention enable characterization of microscopic defects in membranes such as pinholes, cracks or fissures. The present invention, however, can be used to characterize defects on different types of porous and non-porous membranes used for diverse applications in various industries.It uses brightly fluorescing silica or silsesquioxane spheres prepared with pre-determined definitive and uniform sizes (15 nm-50 microns). The spheres' uniform, controlled size allows them to be used to characterize defects or holes in membranes based on a size exclusion mechanism. The spheres used are engineered to glow brightly when exposed to ultraviolet light in order to allow visual or highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy or microscopy to characterize the passage of the particles through defects or holes in a membrane and even identify where the defect is located.
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公开(公告)号：US20100003204A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-07
申请号：US12459541
申请日：2009-07-02
CPC分类号： C01B33/145 , A61K8/025 , A61K8/585 , A61K8/891 , A61K2800/412 , A61K2800/434 , A61K2800/612 , A61K2800/651 , A61Q17/04 , C01B33/146 , C01B33/148
摘要： The invention discloses and claims a new class of chemical compositions with ideal sunscreen properties. The chemical composition comprises spherical particles between 200 nm and 10 microns in diameter prepared by an emulsion polymerization of tetraalkoxysilanes or organotrialkoxysilanes or organobridged trialkoxysilanes with a dye monomer bearing two or more alkoxysilyl groups attached to the bridging chromophore. The resulting spheres absorb ultraviolet light. The dye can be any organic chromophore capable of receiving multiple trialkoxysilyl groups resulting in multipoint covalent attachment that precludes leaching of the dye from the spheres. The formic acid-toluene-monomer emulsion polymerization allows for large-scale (>100 gram) synthesis of monodisperse particles under acidic, non-aqueous conditions without surfactants. The particles less than 1 micron in diameter are smooth as talc to the touch and will provide a smooth formulation for sunscreen creams or lotions.
摘要翻译： 本发明公开并要求具有理想的防晒性能的新一类化学组合物。 化学组成包括通过四烷氧基硅烷或有机三烷氧基硅烷或有机桥连三烷氧基硅烷与带有两个或多个连接到桥接发色团上的烷氧基甲硅烷基的染料单体的乳液聚合制备的直径在200nm和10微米之间的球形颗粒。 所得球体吸收紫外线。 染料可以是能够接受多个三烷氧基甲硅烷基的任何有机发色团，导致多点共价连接，其排除了染料从球体中浸出。 甲酸 - 甲苯 - 单体乳液聚合允许在无表面活性剂的酸性，非水性条件下大规模（> 100克）合成单分散颗粒。 直径小于1微米的颗粒作为滑石使其光滑滑动，并提供防晒霜或乳液的光滑配方。
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公开(公告)号：US4599132A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-08
申请号：US692844
申请日：1985-01-18
IPC分类号： C30B15/06
CPC分类号： C30B15/06
摘要： In a low angle silicon sheet growth process, a puller mechanism advances a seed crystal and solidified ribbon from a cooled growth zone in a melt at a low angle with respect to the horizontal. The ribbon is supported on a ramp adjacent the puller mechanism. Variations in the vertical position of the ribbon with respect to the ramp are isolated from the growth end of the ribbon by (1) growing the ribbon so that it is extremely thin, preferably less than 0.7 mm, (2) maintaining a large growth zone, preferably one whose length is at least 5.0 cm, and (3) spacing the ramp from the growth zone by at least 15 cm.
摘要翻译： 在低角度硅片生长工艺中，拉拔机构使晶体和凝固带从熔融物中的冷却生长区相对于水平面以低角度前进。 带子被支撑在与拉拔机构相邻的斜坡上。 通过（1）生长带状物使得其极薄，优选小于0.7mm，（2）保持较大的生长区域，从而将带状物相对于斜面的垂直位置的变化与带的生长端隔离 ，优选长度至少为5.0厘米，以及（3）将坡道与生长区间隔至少15厘米。
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公开(公告)号：US20220238807A1
公开(公告)日：2022-07-28
申请号：US17615142
申请日：2020-05-28
摘要： A method of making a perovskite layer includes providing a flexible substrate; providing a perovskite solution comprising an initial amount of solvent and perovskite precursor materials and a total solids concentration between 30 percent and 70 percent by weight of its saturation concentration; depositing the perovskite solution on the substrate; removing a first portion of the solvent from the deposited perovskite solution and increasing the total solids concentration of the perovskite solution to at least 75 percent of its saturation concentration with a first drying step; and removing a second portion of the solvent from the deposited perovskite solution with a second drying step having a higher rate of solvent evaporation that causes saturation and a conversion reaction in the deposited perovskite solution resulting in perovskite crystal formation or formation of a perovskite intermediate phase, wherein the first drying step dwell time is at least 5 times longer than the second drying step dwell time. A continuous inline method for production of photovoltaic devices at high speed, and a perovskite solution for use in making a uniform Perovskite layer at high speed to enable low cost production of high efficiency Perovskite devices are also described.
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公开(公告)号：US11108007B2
公开(公告)日：2021-08-31
申请号：US16426191
申请日：2019-05-30
摘要： A method of making a perovskite layer includes providing a flexible substrate; providing a perovskite solution comprising an initial amount of solvent and perovskite precursor materials and a total solids concentration between 30 percent and 70 percent by weight of its saturation concentration; depositing the perovskite solution on the flexible substrate; removing a first portion of the solvent from the deposited perovskite solution and increasing the total solids concentration of the perovskite solution to at least 75 percent of its saturation concentration with a first drying step; and removing a second portion of the solvent from the deposited perovskite solution with a second drying step having a higher rate of solvent evaporation that causes saturation and a conversion reaction in the deposited perovskite solution resulting in perovskite crystal formation or formation of a perovskite intermediate phase, wherein the first drying step dwell time is at least 5 times longer than the second drying step dwell time.
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公开(公告)号：US09401480B2
公开(公告)日：2016-07-26
申请号：US14575111
申请日：2014-12-18
发明人： Stephan DeLuca , Sitaraman Krishnan
IPC分类号： H01L31/02 , H01L51/00 , H01B1/12 , C08F38/02 , H01L51/42 , C08F8/00 , H01L51/44 , C08J5/18 , G02B5/30
CPC分类号： H01L51/0034 , C08F8/00 , C08F38/02 , C08G2261/126 , C08G2261/3327 , C08G2261/418 , C08G2261/75 , C08G2261/80 , C08J5/18 , G02B5/3033 , H01B1/12 , H01B1/125 , H01L51/0043 , H01L51/0097 , H01L51/42 , H01L51/441 , Y02E10/549
摘要： The present invention relates conductive nanostructured copolymer materials, such as thin film. In particular, the nanostructured copolymer material comprises plurality of chains substantially parallel to each other, each conductive chain comprising a plurality of conductive polyacetylene polymer blocks positioned along the chain and a plurality of polar poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer blocks in between the polyacetylene polymer blocks to form a pattern of alternatively repeating polyacetylene polymer blocks and poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer blocks and a ratio of polyacetylene polymer to poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer to provide the nanostructured copolymer material with conductivity of at least 1 S/cm. In some aspects, the invention relates to photoelectric devices comprising a nanostructured copolymer material and capable to convert light to electrical current.
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公开(公告)号：US07777176B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-17
申请号：US12228784
申请日：2008-08-14
申请人： Douglas A. Loy , Dylan Joseph Boday , Jason Wertz
发明人： Douglas A. Loy , Dylan Joseph Boday , Jason Wertz
CPC分类号： C09K11/06 , C09B69/008 , C09K2211/1007 , C09K2211/1011 , C09K2211/1029
摘要： The chemical composition and method of the invention enable characterization of microscopic defects in membranes such as pinholes, cracks or fissures. The present invention, however, can be used to characterize defects on different types of porous and non-porous membranes used for diverse applications in various industries. It uses brightly fluorescing silica or silsesquioxane spheres prepared with pre-determined definitive and uniform sizes (15 nm-50 microns). The spheres' uniform, controlled size allows them to be used to characterize defects or holes in membranes based on a size exclusion mechanism. The spheres used are engineered to glow brightly when exposed to ultraviolet light in order to allow visual or highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy or microscopy to characterize the passage of the particles through defects or holes in a membrane and even identify where the defect is located.
摘要翻译： 本发明的化学组成和方法能够表征膜中的微观缺陷，例如针孔，裂缝或裂缝。 然而，本发明可以用于表征用于各种行业中的各种应用的不同类型的多孔和无孔膜上的缺陷。 它使用以预定的确定和均匀尺寸（15nm-50微米）制备的亮荧光二氧化硅或倍半硅氧烷球。 球体的均匀，受控的尺寸允许它们用于根据尺寸排除机制来表征膜中的缺陷或孔。 所用的球体被设计成在暴露于紫外线下时明亮地发光，以便允许视觉或高度灵敏的荧光光谱或显微镜鉴定颗粒通过膜中的缺陷或孔，甚至识别缺陷在哪里。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4659421A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-21
申请号：US723942
申请日：1985-04-16
申请人： David N. Jewett
发明人： David N. Jewett
摘要： A system and process for growing extremely high quality single crystal materials, particularly silicon and other semiconductor materials, containing a generally uniform distribution of dopants, impurities, and oxygen, both axially and radially, wherein the concentration of impurities and oxygen and the number of defects are minimized. A significant feature is the use of a shallow tray-like crucible consisting of a replenishment zone and at least one crystal growth zone independently heated by one or more heating elements through the bottom of the crucible. In the preferred embodiment, an oval shaped crucible is used which consists of one replenishment zone and one growth zone. In one embodiment, a spiral shaped heater is centered underneath the feed rod and growing crystal and a "picture frame" shaped heater is located underneath the outer edges of the replenishment and growth zones to provide a more controlled thermal gradient. Mechanical pumping produces a controlled, directed, three-dimensional flow within the melt from the replenishment zone to the growth zone. The pumping is achieved either by rotation of a solid feed rod in the replenishment zone or by a strong directed flow of an inert gas onto the surface of the melt. Guide elements positioned within the crucible assist in directing the pumped flow from the replenishment zone to the growth zone so that the flow sweeps through the growth zone under the crystal to produce a thin boundary layer at the growing crystal surface, uniformly mixes in the dopant, and removes any impurity build up in the growth zone. Optionally, magnets to increase apparent melt viscosity and improve flow control and separate dopant addition mechanisms may be utilized.
摘要翻译： 用于生长包括轴向和径向上的掺杂剂，杂质和氧的大致均匀分布的非常高品质的单晶材料，特别是硅和其它半导体材料的系统和方法，其中杂质和氧的浓度以及缺陷的数量 被最小化。 一个重要的特征是使用由补充区和至少一个晶体生长区组成的浅盘状坩埚，该晶体生长区由坩埚的底部独立地被一个或多个加热元件加热。 在优选实施例中，使用由一个补充区和一个生长区组成的椭圆形坩埚。 在一个实施例中，螺旋形加热器居中在进料杆和生长晶体的下方，并且“相框”形加热器位于补充和生长区域的外边缘下方，以提供更受控制的热梯度。 机械泵送在熔体内从补充区域到生长区域产生受控的，定向的三维流动。 通过在补充区中的固体进料棒的旋转或通过强烈的惰性气体流向熔体表面实现泵送。 定位在坩埚内的引导元件有助于将泵送流从补充区引导到生长区，使得流动扫过晶体下方的生长区，以在生长的晶体表面产生薄边界层，均匀地混合在掺杂剂中， 并消除生长区内积累的任何杂质。 可选地，可以使用用于增加表观熔体粘度和改善流动控制和分离的掺杂剂添加机制的磁体。
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