公开(公告)号：US20120156492A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

申请号：US13378607

申请日：2010-06-18

申请人： Peter G. Dudley ,  Allen Richard Wright

发明人： Peter G. Dudley ,  Allen Richard Wright

IPC分类号： C25C5/04 ,  C22C1/00 ,  C01G23/047

CPC分类号： C25C3/00 ,  B01J2219/30203 ,  B01J2219/30215 ,  B01J2219/30223 ,  B01J2219/30408 ,  B01J2219/30416 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22B34/129 ,  C25C3/28 ,  C25C7/005 ,  Y10T428/2982

摘要： The invention relates to a feedstock for reduction in an electrolytic cell, for example a non-metallic feedstock that can be reduced to metal on a commercial scale. The feedstock comprises a plurality of three-dimensional elements which are shaped such that a volume of the feedstock has between 35% and 90% free space (not including any microscopic porosity of the elements). The elements are also shaped as randomly-packable elements to minimise any settling, ordering or alignment of the feedstock, which would otherwise hinder or prevent fluid flow and/or current flow through the feedstock.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于还原电解池的原料，例如可以以商业规模还原成金属的非金属原料。 原料包括多个三维元件，其被成形为使得原料的体积具有35％至90％的自由空间（不包括元件的任何微观孔隙率）。 这些元件还被成形为随机包装的元件，以最小化原料的任何沉降，排序或对准，否则这将妨碍或阻止流体流动和/或电流流过原料。

公开(公告)号：US07790014B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-07

申请号：US10778529

申请日：2004-02-12

申请人： Derek John Fray ,  Thomas William Farthing ,  Zheng Chen

发明人： Derek John Fray ,  Thomas William Farthing ,  Zheng Chen

IPC分类号： C25F3/00 ,  C25C3/28

CPC分类号： C22B34/129 ,  C22B21/0038 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C25C3/28 ,  C25F1/12 ,  C25F1/16

摘要： The present invention pertains to a method for removing a substance (X) from a solid metal or semi-metal compound (M1X) by electrolysis in a melt of M2Y, which comprises conducting the electrolysis under conditions such that reaction of X rather than M2 deposition occurs at a electrode surface, and that X dissolves in the electrolyte M2Y. The substance X is either removed from the surface (i.e., M1X) or by means of diffusion extracted from the case material. The temperature of the fused salt is chosen below the melting temperature of the metal M1. The potential is chosen below the decomposition potential of the electrolyte.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过在M2Y的熔融物中电解从固体金属或半金属化合物（M1X）中除去物质（X）的方法，该方法包括在使X反应而不是M2沉积的条件下进行电解 发生在电极表面，并且X溶解在电解质M2Y中。 物质X从表面（即M1X）中移除，或者通过从壳体材料中提取的扩散。 熔融盐的温度选择在金属M1的熔融温度以下。 电位低于电解液的分解电位。

公开(公告)号：US20080292488A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-27

申请号：US12187413

申请日：2008-08-07

申请人： Andrew Philip WOODFIELD ,  Eric Allen OTT ,  Clifford Earl SHAMBLEN ,  Michael Francis Xavier GIGLIOTTI

发明人： Andrew Philip WOODFIELD ,  Eric Allen OTT ,  Clifford Earl SHAMBLEN ,  Michael Francis Xavier GIGLIOTTI

IPC分类号： B22F9/18 ,  B22F3/02

CPC分类号： C22B34/1263 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B22F3/001 ,  B22F9/18 ,  B22F9/20 ,  B22F9/28 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C21B13/006 ,  C21B13/146 ,  C22B4/06 ,  C22B5/12 ,  C22B34/129 ,  C22B34/1295 ,  C22C1/04 ,  C22C1/0433 ,  C22C1/0458 ,  C22C1/10 ,  C22C2001/1089 ,  B22F3/12 ,  B22F3/15 ,  B22F3/17 ,  B22F3/20

摘要： A method for preparing an article of a base metal alloyed with an alloying element includes the steps of preparing a compound mixture by the steps of providing a chemically reducible nonmetallic base-metal precursor compound of a base metal, providing a chemically reducible nonmetallic alloying-element precursor compound of an alloying element, and thereafter mixing the base-metal precursor compound and the alloying-element precursor compound to form a compound mixture. The compound mixture is thereafter reduced to a metallic alloy, without melting the metallic alloy. The step of preparing or the step of chemically reducing includes the step of adding an other additive constituent. The metallic alloy is thereafter consolidated to produce a consolidated metallic article, without melting the metallic alloy and without melting the consolidated metallic article.

摘要翻译： 制备与合金元素合金的母材的制品的方法包括以下步骤：通过提供化学还原的贱金属的非金属贱金属前体化合物制备复合混合物，提供化学还原的非金属合金元素 合金元素的前体化合物，然后混合贱金属前体化合物和合金元素前体化合物以形成化合物混合物。 然后将复合混合物还原成金属合金，而不熔化金属合金。 制备步骤或化学还原步骤包括添加其它添加剂成分的步骤。 然后将金属合金固结，生产固结的金属制品，而不熔化金属合金，而不熔化固结的金属制品。

公开(公告)号：US20080145687A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US11795890

申请日：2005-12-14

申请人： Gerard Pretorius

发明人： Gerard Pretorius

IPC分类号： B22F1/02 ,  B22F9/18 ,  B32B15/01 ,  C22C14/00 ,  C22B34/12

CPC分类号： C22B34/1213 ,  C22B34/1245 ,  C22B34/1259 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22B34/129 ,  Y10T428/12181 ,  Y10T428/12681

摘要： A method of producing titanium metal from a titanium-containing material includes the steps of producing a solution of M″TiF6 from the titanium-containing material, selectively precipitating M′2TiF6 from the solution by the addition of (M′)aXb and using the selectively precipitated M′2TiF6 to produce titanium. M″ is a cation of the type which forms a hexafluorotitanate, M′ is selected from ammonium and the alkali metal cations, X is an anion selected from halide, sulphate, nitrite, acetate and nitrate and a and b are 1 or 2.

摘要翻译： 从含钛材料制造钛金属的方法包括以下步骤：从含钛材料制备M''TiF 6 S 6的溶液，选择性地沉淀M'2

公开(公告)号：US07001443B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-21

申请号：US10329141

申请日：2002-12-23

申请人： Andrew Philip Woodfield ,  Eric Allen Ott ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr.

发明人： Andrew Philip Woodfield ,  Eric Allen Ott ,  William Thomas Carter, Jr.

IPC分类号： B22F9/28

CPC分类号： B22F9/22 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C22B5/18 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22C1/02 ,  C22C1/04

摘要： A metallic alloy is prepared from a gaseous mixture of at least two non-oxide precursor compounds, wherein the non-oxide precursor compounds collectively comprise the metallic constituents. The mixture of the non-oxide precursor compounds is oxidized to form a solid mixed metallic oxide. The solid mixed metallic oxide is chemically reduced to produce the metallic alloy.

摘要翻译： 由至少两种非氧化物前体化合物的气体混合物制备金属合金，其中非氧化物前体化合物共同地包含金属成分。 将非氧化物前体化合物的混合物氧化形成固体混合金属氧化物。 将固体混合的金属氧化物化学还原以产生金属合金。

公开(公告)号：US20040084323A1

公开(公告)日：2004-05-06

申请号：US10468215

申请日：2003-12-22

发明人： Lazar Strezov ,  Ivan Ratchev ,  Steve Osborn ,  Kannappar Mukunthan

IPC分类号： C25C003/00 ,  C25C003/36

CPC分类号： C25C3/00 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22B34/129 ,  C25C3/28

摘要： A method of producing a metal or an alloy from metalliferous material by removing O,S, or N from a solid body of metalliferous material by electrolysis in an electrolytic cell is disclosed. The cell includes a molten halide salt or mixture of halide salts as an electrolyte. The cation of the salt is selected from the group that includes Ca, Ba, Li, Na, K, Mg, Sr, Cs and Y. In one aspect of the invention the method includes conducting the electrolysis under conditions wherein the solid body of metalliferous material is made part of a cathode of the electrolytic cell, the cathode includes a conductor for electrically connecting the cathode with an electrical potential, the conductor has high resistance to chemical attack by the electrolyte at high temperatures, and the conductor is at least partly immersed in the electrolyte. In another aspect of the invention the method includes conducting the electrolysis under conditions wherein the potential applied between an anode and the cathode of the electrolytic cell is chosen such that permanent decomposition of the electrolyte is avoided to an extent that substantial deposition of the electrolyte cation at the cathode is avoided and anode material transport towards and into the cathode is substantially prevented. A cathode for use in the method is also disclosed, which cathode includes a body of metalliferous material distributed around one or more electrical conductors that are substantially inert in the electrolyte at high temperatures and which provide a plurality of reduction zones at the cathode.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过在电解池中电解从含金属材料的固体中除去O，S或N从含金属材料制备金属或合金的方法。 电池包括卤化物盐或作为电解质的卤化物盐的混合物。 盐的阳离子选自包括Ca，Ba，Li，Na，K，Mg，Sr，Cs和Y的基团。在本发明的一个方面，该方法包括在金属的固体的条件下进行电解 材料被制成电解槽的阴极的一部分，阴极包括用于将阴极与电位电连接的导体，该导体在高温下具有高的电解质化学侵蚀性，导体至少部分浸没 在电解液中。 在本发明的另一方面，该方法包括在选择施加在电解池的阳极和阴极之间的电势的条件下进行电解，使得电解质的永久分解被避免到电解质阳离子的大量沉积 避免了阴极，并且基本上防止了阳极材料向阴极输送并进入阴极。 还公开了用于该方法的阴极，该阴极包括分布在一个或多个电导体周围的含金属材料体，其在高温下在电解质中基本上是惰性的，并且在阴极处提供多个还原区。

公开(公告)号：US20030057101A1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-27

申请号：US10204460

申请日：2002-09-10

发明人： Charles M Ward Close ,  Alastair B Godfrey

IPC分类号： C25C003/36 ,  C25C003/00

CPC分类号： C25C5/04 ,  B22F9/20 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C22B4/06 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22B34/129 ,  C22C47/04 ,  C22C47/14 ,  C25C3/00 ,  C25C3/28

摘要： A method for the manufacture of a foamed metal or alloy article including the steps of: A) selecting a particulate feedstock having suitable proportions of a metal element or combination of metal elements M1 contaminated by one or more contaminants X to form an alloy suitable for the foamed article; B) mixing the feedstock with a binder to form a slurry; C) preforming the slurry into a near net shape of the desired article and drying the preform to remove the binder; D) sintering the dried preform to provide a bonded foamed article; E) introducing the sintered article into an electrochemical cell, the cell containing a liquid electrolyte comprising a fused salt or mixture of salts generally designated as M2Y in which contaminant(s) X is soluble, and a relatively inert anode; F) conducting electrolysis under conditions favourable to the selective dissolution of the contaminant(s) X in preference to the M2 cation; and G) following electrolysis reclaiming the purified foam article from the cathode.

摘要翻译： 一种用于制造发泡金属或合金制品的方法，包括以下步骤：A）选择具有合适比例的金属元素或被一种或多种污染物X污染的金属元素M1的组合的颗粒原料，以形成适合于 发泡制品; B）将原料与粘合剂混合以形成浆料; C）将浆料预成型为所需制品的近净形状并干燥预成型件以除去粘合剂; D）烧结干燥的预制件以提供粘合的发泡制品; E）将烧结制品引入电化学电池中，所述电池含有液体电解质，所述液体电解质包含熔融盐或通常称为M2Y的盐的混合物，其中污染物X是可溶的，以及相对惰性的阳极; F）在有利于污染物X优选M2阳离子选择性溶解的条件下进行电解; 和G）在电解后从阴极回收纯化的泡沫制品。

公开(公告)号：US20030047462A1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-13

申请号：US10204465

申请日：2002-09-10

发明人： Charles M Ward-Close ,  Alastair B Godfrey

IPC分类号： C25C003/36

CPC分类号： C25C5/04 ,  B22F9/20 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C22B4/06 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C22B5/02 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22B34/129 ,  C22C47/04 ,  C22C47/14 ,  C25C3/00 ,  C25C3/28

摘要： A method for the production of a master alloy including the steps of; introducing mixed ores comprising the metals of the alloy; introducing the mixed ores into an electrochemical cell, the cell containing a liquid electrolyte comprising a fused salt or mixture of salts generally designated as M2Y in which contaminants X contained in the mixed ores are soluble, and a relatively inert anode; conducting electrolysis under conditions favourable to the selective dissolution of contaminants contained in the mixed ores in preference to the deposition of the M2 cation; and following electrolysis, reclaiming the purified mixed ore form the cathode.

摘要翻译： 一种用于生产母合金的方法，包括以下步骤： 引入包含合金金属的混合矿石; 将混合矿石引入电化学电池中，所述电池含有液体电解质，所述液体电解质包含熔融盐或通常称为M2Y的盐的混合物，其中所述混合矿石中含有的污染物X可溶于其中;以及相对惰性的阳极; 在有利于选择性地溶解混合矿石中所含的污染物的条件下，优先于M2阳离子的沉积，进行电解; 并且在电解之后，从阴极回收纯化的混合矿石。

公开(公告)号：US06245211B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-12

申请号：US09269645

申请日：1999-06-21

申请人： Claude Fortin

发明人： Claude Fortin

IPC分类号： C25C124

CPC分类号： C22B34/1277 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B34/1218 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  Y02P10/23

摘要： The present invention relates to a process for obtaining metals from oxides using shuttle alloys, particularly titanium metal from titanium dioxide in the form of illmenite rutile. The process can be adapted to obtain elemental metal or alloys of metals such as zirconium, chronium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, lithium, cobalt and zinc. The process of the present invention comprises two stages, a first stage in which a metal oxide is reduced in the presence of primary shuttle material, which forms a shuttle alloy with the reduced metals, and a second stage wherein the reduced metal is separated from the shuttle alloy as a metal or alloy. Typically the primary shuttle material comprises bismuth or antimony or a mixture of the two and optionally lead. The reduction reaction may be carried out by chemical means or electrochemical means or by a combination of the two. The process permits the two stages to be linked and the process run continuously such that energy recovered from the second stage may be transferred to the first stage and used to drive the reduction of the metal oxide or other reactions, such as the decarbonization of calcium carbonate used as a melting agent. The addition of material such as silica to the process, may facilitate recovery of by-products such as aluminous cements.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种使用梭合金从氧化物中获得金属的方法，特别涉及以钛铁矿金红石形式的二氧化钛的钛金属。 该方法可以适于获得元素金属或诸如锆，次氯酸，钼，钨，钽，锂，钴和锌的金属的合金。 本发明的方法包括两个阶段：第一阶段，其中金属氧化物在存在主要穿梭材料的情况下被还原，其与还原金属形成穿梭合金;以及第二阶段，其中还原金属与 穿梭合金作为金属或合金。 通常，主穿梭材料包括铋或锑或两者的混合物和任选的铅。 还原反应可以通过化学方法或电化学手段或两者的组合进行。 该方法允许两个阶段连接，并且该过程连续进行，使得从第二阶段回收的能量可以转移到第一阶段并用于驱动金属氧化物或其它反应的还原，例如碳酸钙的脱碳 用作熔化剂。 在该方法中添加诸如二氧化硅的材料可以促进副产物如铝土壤的回收。

公开(公告)号：US5290015A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-01

申请号：US842961

申请日：1992-02-28

申请人： Tatsuo Naritomi ,  Yoshinobu Toshida ,  Toshiyuki Ohta ,  Masaji Katsumaru ,  Hisayuki Wada ,  Takashi Banno ,  Tadayuki Choshi

发明人： Tatsuo Naritomi ,  Yoshinobu Toshida ,  Toshiyuki Ohta ,  Masaji Katsumaru ,  Hisayuki Wada ,  Takashi Banno ,  Tadayuki Choshi

IPC分类号： C22B5/04 ,  C22B5/16 ,  C22B34/12 ,  C22B34/14 ,  C22B34/00

CPC分类号： C22B34/1277 ,  C22B34/1263 ,  C22B34/1268 ,  C22B34/1272 ,  C22B34/14 ,  C22B5/04 ,  C22B5/16 ,  Y10S266/905

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing a high-melting-point and high-toughness metal, comprising: reducing a high-melting point and high-toughness metal chloride with an activated metal to form a high-melting-point and high-toughness sponge metal in a reducing vessel arranged sideways relative to a condensing vessel, wherein the condensing vessel is integrally connected to the reducing vessel through a conduit, and at least one of the reducing vessel and/or the condensing vessel is supported so as to move with thermal expansion of said conduit; and measuring a weight-change of the vessel supported so as to move with thermal expansion of the conduit to estimate the degree of progress of a separating and recovering process on the basis of the detected weight-change when nonreacted activated metal and its chloride remaining in the sponge metal formed in the reducing vessel are recovered into the condensing vessel by vacuum separation.

摘要翻译： 一种用于生产高熔点和高韧性金属的方法和设备，包括：用活化金属还原高熔点和高韧性的金属氯化物，以形成高熔点和高韧性的海绵金属 在相对于冷凝容器侧向排列的还原容器中，其中所述冷凝容器通过导管与所述还原容器一体连接，并且所述还原容器和/或冷凝容器中的至少一个被支撑以便随着热膨胀 的管道; 并且测量支撑的容器的重量变化，以便随着管道的热膨胀而移动，以基于检测到的重量变化来估计分离和回收过程的进行程度，当未反应的活化金属及其氯化物保持在 在还原容器中形成的海绵金属通过真空分离回收到冷凝容器中。