公开(公告)号：US08698668B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-15

申请号：US13128642

申请日：2008-11-11

申请人： Hans Hellsten

发明人： Hans Hellsten

IPC分类号： G01S13/00

CPC分类号： G01S13/9029 ,  G01S13/72 ,  G01S13/9017 ,  G01S13/9023

摘要： A method for detecting targets including moving and stationary targets with a radar system equipped with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) onboard a SAR platform including navigation equipment for accurate determination of the position of the SAR platform. The SAR platform is transversing a stationary ground region and targets in the ground region, in which the SAR platform obtains radar data utilizing at least one antenna. A SAR processor records the radar data and the position of the antenna or antennas for each transmitted radar pulse. Radar data within synthetic sub-apertures, are successively merged in N iteration steps into SAR images of increasing resolution of the surveyed region and wherein each iteration step includes forming a new SAR image at a new iteration level by a linear combination of neighboring SAR images in the previous iteration step. A radar system and a SAR processor used for calculating the detection and positioning of targets including moving and stationary targets.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在包括导航设备在内的SAR平台上配备有合成孔径雷达（SAR）的雷达系统来检测包括移动和固定目标的目标的方法，用于准确确定SAR平台的位置。 SAR平台横跨固定的地面区域，并在地面区域中进行目标，SAR平台利用至少一个天线获取雷达数据。 SAR处理器记录雷达数据和每个发射的雷达脉冲的天线或天线的位置。 在合成子孔径内的雷达数据在N个迭代步骤中连续合并到被测区域的增加分辨率的SAR图像中，其中每个迭代步骤包括通过相邻SAR图像的线性组合在新迭代水平上形成新的SAR图像 以前的迭代步骤。 雷达系统和SAR处理器用于计算目标的检测和定位，包括移动和固定目标。

公开(公告)号：US20100141506A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-10

申请号：US11813369

申请日：2005-09-07

申请人： Peter Gulden ,  Stephan Max ,  Martin Vossiek

发明人： Peter Gulden ,  Stephan Max ,  Martin Vossiek

IPC分类号： G01S13/87 ,  G01S5/02 ,  G01S13/90 ,  G01S1/24

CPC分类号： G01S5/0205 ,  B25J13/089 ,  G01S13/876 ,  G01S13/9017 ,  G01S2013/466

摘要： The invention relates to a method for increasing the accuracy of a measurement of a radio-based locating system comprising a mobile station and at least one fixed station, wherein the movement of a mobile station from an initial position is detected by way of measuring data of an absolute sensor system and a relative sensor system, a virtual antenna is embodied in the form of synthetic aperture by way of measuring data and the mobile station is focused on the fixed station and/or vice versa by using the synthetic aperture.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于提高基于无线电的定位系统的测量精度的方法，该定位系统包括移动站和至少一个固定站，其中移动站从初始位置的移动通过以下方式来检测： 绝对传感器系统和相对传感器系统，虚拟天线通过测量数据以合成孔径的形式实现，并且移动站通过使用合成孔径聚焦在固定站和/或反之亦然。

公开(公告)号：US06441772B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09857172

申请日：2001-06-18

申请人： Hans Hellsten ,  Lars Ulander

发明人： Hans Hellsten ,  Lars Ulander

IPC分类号： G01S1390

CPC分类号： G01S13/9029 ,  G01S13/90 ,  G01S13/9017

摘要： The present invention relates to a radar system which comprises a platform which moves over a number of objects. The number of objects can be very large and the objects can appear in the form of, for example, a ground surface. The platform supports radar equipment which reproduces the objects by means of synthetic aperture technique (SAR) via at least one antenna without requirements as to directivity or fractional bandwidth. Moreover, the movement of the platform is, during the recording of data for a SAR image, essentially rectilinear and uniform. The invention is characterized mainly in that it comprises a signal-processing device which records received radar echoes from each transmitted radar pulse and records or calculates the position of the used antenna or antennae, and which calculates a one-parameter quantity of two-dimensional SAR images as a function of two image co-ordinates where the parameter is the relative speed. Here use is made of the fact that each object, i.e. a radar echo with certain image co-ordinates, is reproduced at a maximum ratio of desired to undesired signal for a predetermined value of the relative speed parameter, which value is established to be the magnitude of the relative velocity vector between the object and the platform. In the calculation, the signal-processing device backprojects radar raw data in a hierarchical scheme, where each level is based only on the immediately preceding one, and where the summation of radar raw data occurs in the form of subapertures having a gradually increasing length.

摘要翻译： 雷达系统技术领域本发明涉及一种雷达系统，其包括在多个物体上移动的平台。 物体的数量可以非常大，并且物体可以以例如地面的形式出现。 该平台支持雷达设备，其通过合成孔径技术（SAR）通过至少一个天线再现物体，而不需要方向性或分数带宽。 此外，平台的运动在SAR图像的数据记录过程中基本上是直线和均匀的。 本发明的特征主要在于它包括一个信号处理装置，其记录来自每个发送的雷达脉冲的接收到的雷达回波并记录或计算所使用的天线或天线的位置，并计算二维SAR的单参数量 图像作为两个图像坐标的函数，其中参数是相对速度。 这里使用的是，对于相对速度参数的预定值，每个对象，即具有某些图像坐标的雷达回波以期望的不期望信号的最大比率被再现，该值被确定为 对象和平台之间的相对速度向量的大小。 在计算中，信号处理装置以分层方案反向处理雷达原始数据，其中每个级别仅基于前一个级别，并且其中雷达原始数据的求和以逐渐增加的子孔径的形式出现。

公开(公告)号：US5812082A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-22

申请号：US816044

申请日：1997-03-11

申请人： Alberto Moreira ,  Josef Mittermayer

发明人： Alberto Moreira ,  Josef Mittermayer

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/90 ,  G01S13/9011 ,  G01S13/9017

摘要： In a method for azimuth scaling of SAR data without interpolation, raw SAR data in azimuth are multiplied with a phase function H.sub.5 (f.sub.a ;r.sub.o), where f.sub.a denotes the azimuth frequency and r.sub.o denotes the range to a target point, and where a desired scaling factor is entered into the phase function. An azimuth modulation of the SAR data is subsequently adapted with the phase function H.sub.5 (f.sub.a,r.sub.o) to that of a reference range, in a manner so that the azimuth modulation no longer depends on the range. In a last step of the process, a quadratic phase modulation is performed in the azimuth so that, in order to attain an azimuth processing with a very high phase accuracy, the azimuth frequency modulation becomes exactly linear.

摘要翻译： 在没有插值的SAR数据的方位缩放方法中，方位角的原始SAR数据与相位函数H5（fa; ro）相乘，其中fa表示方位角频率，ro表示到目标点的范围， 缩放因子被输入到相位函数中。 SAR数据的方位调制随后以相位函数H5（fa，ro）与参考范围的方位调制，使得方位调制不再依赖于该范围。 在该过程的最后一步中，在方位角进行二次相位调制，以便为了获得具有非常高的相位精度的方位处理，方位频率调制变得完全线性。

公开(公告)号：US08994577B1

公开(公告)日：2015-03-31

申请号：US13542182

申请日：2012-07-05

申请人： Timothy P. Bielek ,  Douglas L. Bickel

发明人： Timothy P. Bielek ,  Douglas L. Bickel

IPC分类号： G01S13/08 ,  G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9029 ,  G01S13/9017 ,  G01S13/9035

摘要： A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is produced by using all phase histories of a set of phase histories to produce a first pixel array having a first azimuth resolution, and using less than all phase histories of the set to produce a second pixel array having a second azimuth resolution that is coarser than the first azimuth resolution. The first and second pixel arrays are combined to produce a third pixel array defining a desired SAR image that shows distinct shadows of moving objects while preserving detail in stationary background clutter.

摘要翻译： 通过使用一组相位历史的所有相位历史来产生合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像，以产生具有第一方位角分辨率的第一像素阵列，并且使用该组的小于所有相位历史以产生具有 比第一方位分辨率更粗的第二方位角分辨率。 第一和第二像素阵列被组合以产生限定期望SAR图像的第三像素阵列，其显示移动物体的不同阴影，同时保持固定背景杂波中的细节。

公开(公告)号：US5760732A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-02

申请号：US641346

申请日：1996-05-01

申请人： Vasilis Z. Marmarelis ,  Chrysostomos L. Nikias ,  David Sheby

发明人： Vasilis Z. Marmarelis ,  Chrysostomos L. Nikias ,  David Sheby

IPC分类号： G01S7/288 ,  G01S7/32 ,  G01S13/28 ,  G01S13/90 ,  G01S13/06

CPC分类号： G01S13/9035 ,  G01S7/32 ,  G01S13/282 ,  G01S13/9011 ,  G01S13/9017 ,  G01S2007/2883 ,  Y10S367/905

摘要： A method and apparatus for enhancing resolution of range estimates in all echo location systems and, specifically, such systems as Radar, Sonar, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), for example. The invention utilizes high order signal processing to "sharpen" or contract the main lobe of the processing system ambiguity function and suppress its side lobes, for a given transmission pulse bandwidth. The method and apparatus may be implemented in the frequency domain or time domain. Enhanced resolution is achieved by using a filter (MSC filter), according to this invention, in the echo location data processing system so that the received echo data is processed by the MSC filter to produce a signal that exhibits enhanced range resolution. The MSC filter output, H(.omega.), which is specific to the transmitted pulse waveform, is the ratio of a high-order manipulation of the transmitted signal with its modified spectral profile.

摘要翻译： 例如，用于增强所有回波定位系统中的范围估计的分辨率的方法和装置，具体地，例如雷达，声纳和合成孔径雷达（SAR）等系统。 本发明利用高阶信号处理对于给定的传输脉冲带宽来“锐化”或收缩处理系统模糊函数的主瓣并抑制其旁瓣。 该方法和装置可以在频域或时域中实现。 通过使用根据本发明的滤波器（MSC滤波器）在回波位置数据处理系统中实现增强的分辨率，使得接收的回波数据由MSC滤波器处理以产生展现出增强的距离分辨率的信号。 特定于发送脉冲波形的MSC滤波器输出H（ω）是传输信号的高阶操纵与其修改的频谱分布的比率。

公开(公告)号：US4227194A

公开(公告)日：1980-10-07

申请号：US106293

申请日：1971-01-04

申请人： Elvin E. Herman ,  Frederick C. Williams

发明人： Elvin E. Herman ,  Frederick C. Williams

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9017

摘要： The method and apparatus for processing bipolar coherent sidelooking radar data to achieve continuous real time synthetic array mapping in the form of focused line-by-line imagery. Received radar data is correlated such that a number of subarrays are vectorially combined with appropriate quadratic phase corrections to continuously form the total synthetic array. Each subarray is accumulated in a recirculating (feedback) channel which applies a linear phase correction and amplitude weighting, which in turn reduces the arithmetic operations required to form the array. The subarrays are updated by continuously subtracting out the oldest data and adding new data to yield continuous line-by-line imagery. Alternate accumulator and feedback channels are employed in an interleaved fashion to minimize the buildup of "round-off" errors which result from digital multiplications. The invention is adaptable to all-range-focusing and operation at various pointing angles.

摘要翻译： 用于处理双极相干侧视雷达数据的方法和装置，以集中的逐行图像的形式实现连续的实时合成阵列映射。 接收的雷达数据相关，使得多个子阵列与适当的二次相位校正进行矢量组合，以连续形成总合成阵列。 每个子阵列被累积在循环（反馈）通道中，该通道应用线性相位校正和幅度加权，这反过来减小了形成阵列所需的算术运算。 通过连续减去最旧的数据并添加新数据以产生连续的逐行图像来更新子阵列。 交替累加器和反馈通道以交错方式采用，以最小化由数字乘法产生的“舍入”误差的累积。 本发明适用于各种指向角度的全范围聚焦和操作。

公开(公告)号：US3976998A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-24

申请号：US476996

申请日：1974-06-06

申请人： Roger Voles ,  Simon Watts

发明人： Roger Voles ,  Simon Watts

IPC分类号： G01S13/90 ,  G01S9/02

CPC分类号： G01S13/9017

摘要： There is disclosed a synthetic aperture radar arranged to survey a region from a mobile location. The radar returns received from the region are first phase weighted by a series of predetermined factors. They are then stored and combined with later returns to give an output signal which has a maximum value when any target present in the region is in a predetermined direction from the location.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种合成孔径雷达，用于对来自移动位置的区域进行调查。 从该区域接收到的雷达返回由一系列预定因素进行第一相加权。 然后将它们存储并与稍后的返回结合，以给出当区域中存在的任何目标处于从该位置起预定方向时具有最大值的输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US07038612B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-02

申请号：US10634303

申请日：2003-08-05

申请人： James G. Chow ,  Robert A. Rosen ,  Kapriel V. Krikorian

发明人： James G. Chow ,  Robert A. Rosen ,  Kapriel V. Krikorian

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S7/295 ,  G01S13/9017

摘要： A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) avoids the need for an INS/GPS by focusing a SAR image having discernible features and a center. The image is formed from digitized returns, each of the digitized returns having a phase and an amplitude. The focusing steps of an algorithm processing the digitized returns include: computing a coarse range and coarse range rate of the center of the image, motion compensating the digitized returns, converting the digitized returns in polar format into an orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system, autofocusing the image data to obtain a focused image, performing a Fourier transform to obtain a focused image described by the returns, computing an estimated fine range and fine range rate from features contained within the focused image, and converging the fine range and fine range rate within the orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system for use within the azimuth and range coordinate system and motion compensating the digitized returns.

摘要翻译： 合成孔径雷达（SAR）通过聚焦具有可辨别特征和中心的SAR图像来避免对INS / GPS的需要。 图像由数字化​​返回形成，每个数字化返回具有相位和幅度。 处理数字化回报的算法的聚焦步骤包括：计算图像中心的粗略范围和粗略范围速率，运动补偿数字化返回，将极坐标格式的数字化返回转换为正交笛卡尔坐标系，自动对焦图像 数据以获得聚焦图像，执行傅里叶变换以获得通过返回描述的聚焦图像，从聚焦图像中包含的特征计算估计的细微范围和微细范围速率，并且将精细范围和精细范围速率收敛在正交内 笛卡尔坐标系在方位角和范围坐标系中使用，运动补偿数字化回报。

公开(公告)号：US4977604A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-11

申请号：US157199

申请日：1988-02-17

申请人： Douglas M. Chabries ,  Richard W. Christiansen

发明人： Douglas M. Chabries ,  Richard W. Christiansen

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9017

摘要： An electronic system for processing sampled data input signals includes an electronic memory which stores a set of preprocessed vectors V.sub.1 f(m, . . . ) thru V.sub.N *f(m, . . . ) where f(m, . . . ) is a sampled data function, having any number of dimensions m, . . . . * is a convolution operator, and V.sub.1 thru V.sub.N are a finite set of N unprocessed vectors each of which represents an anticipated group of input signal samples. After these preprocessed vectors are stored, input signals are processed in real time by (a) a circuit which samples the input signal; (b) a circuit which compresses the sequence of samples that is taken into a smaller sequence of index signals that correspond to the indexes 1 thru N of the unprocessed vectors; (c) a circuit which receives the smaller sequence of index signals and reads from the memory those preprocessed vectors whose indexes match the received index signals; and (d) a circuit which adds together the read preprocessed vectors while maintaining a predetermined offset between them as they are added.

摘要翻译： 用于处理采样数据输入信号的电子系统包括一个电子存储器，其存储一组经过VN * f（m，...）的预处理矢量V1f（m，...），其中f（m，...）为 采样数据功能，具有任意数量的维数m。 。 。 。 *是卷积运算符，V1到VN是N个未处理向量的有限集合，每个矢量表示预期的一组输入信号样本。 在存储这些预处理矢量之后，通过（a）对输入信号进行采样的电路实时地处理输入信号; （b）压缩采样序列的电路，所述样本序列被采取与未处理矢量的索引1到N相对应的较小索引信号序列; （c）电路，其接收较小序列的索引信号并从存储器中读取那些索引与接收到的索引信号匹配的预处理向量; 以及（d）将读取的预处理向量相加在一起的电路，同时在添加它们之间保持它们之间的预定偏移。