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公开(公告)号：US5414507A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US45338
申请日：1993-04-01
CPC分类号： G01L9/0039 , G01L9/0032
摘要： Improved fiber optics pressure sensor transducers utilizing fiber optics in an interferometer sensing element. Included is a bellows-type pressure-to-movement converter that translates sensed pressure into linear displacement. That displacement is mechanically coupled to, and thereby varies the length of one leg of a fiber optics interferometer as a function of pressure. A temperature compensator is attached to the sensing or reference optical fiber of the interferometer. The temperature compensator causes corrective changes in the length of that optical fiber to which it is attached, thereby compensating for opposing temperature effects on other parts of the interferometer. Threaded studs attached to flexible stress reducers which are in turn coupled to optical fiber grippers provide means for adjusting interferometer optical fiber pre-tension and rotation to optimize polarization. In combination, the threaded studs with their attached flexible stress reducers, coupled via fiber grippers to the interferometer optical fibers, serve to minimize fiber bending and localized stress points which otherwise might weaken the tensioned fibers of the interferometer. A bourdon tube embodiment of the pressure-to-movement converter having a curved tang and attached flexible link converts rotational motion of the bourdon tube movement end to linear displacement.
摘要翻译： 改进的光纤压力传感器传感器利用干涉仪传感元件中的光纤。 包括波纹管式压力 - 运动转换器，将感测到的压力转换成线性位移。 该位移机械地耦合到光纤干涉仪的一条腿的长度，从而改变作为压力的函数的长度。 温度补偿器连接到干涉仪的感测或参考光纤。 温度补偿器导致其所连接的光纤的长度的校正变化，从而补偿相对于干涉仪的其它部分的温度效应。 连接到柔性应力减少器上的螺纹螺柱又连接到光纤夹持器，提供用于调整干涉仪光纤预张力和旋转以优化极化的装置。 组合在一起的螺柱与其附接的柔性应力减少器通过光纤夹持器耦合到干涉仪光纤，用于使纤维弯曲和局部应力点最小化，否则可能削弱干涉仪的张紧纤维。 具有弯曲柄脚和附接的柔性连杆的压力 - 运动转换器的波登管实施例将布尔登管运动端的旋转运动转换成线性位移。
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公开(公告)号：US5170459A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-08
申请号：US752393
申请日：1991-08-30
CPC分类号： G02B6/2558 , B29C39/10 , B29C70/74 , B29D11/0075
摘要： An attachment structure is described that provides means for holding and for applying tensile force to an optical fiber clamped therein. Attachment to an optical fiber is accomplished by stripping the buffer layer(s) from a portion of the fiber and casting a thermosetting polymer encapsulating and compressing member thereon at elevated temperature so that, at lower than the polymer curing temperature, the cast polymer encapsulating member is in compression on the bared fiber and on a short portion of its adjacent buffer layer(s). A tension wire which provides a means for applying external force to the optical fiber has one end inserted axially in the mold for incorporation into the cast encapsulating member. The wire is also placed under compression at temperatures below that of the curing temperature of the polymer. To maintain compression over temperature elevated temperatures, a restrictive cylindrical coil spring is directly engaged around the encapsulating member. Alternatively, a metallic restrictive member may be electro-formed on the encapsulating member. This attachment device is suitable for clamping either an optical fiber that extends out each end of the attachment device, or for clamping an optical fiber where its end terminates within the attachment structure.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种附接结构，其提供了用于保持并向夹持在其中的光纤施加张力的装置。 通过从纤维的一部分剥离缓冲层并在高温下浇铸封装和压缩构件的热固性聚合物，使得在低于聚合物固化温度的情况下，铸塑聚合物封装构件 在裸露的光纤上和其相邻缓冲层的短部分上进行压缩。 提供用于向光纤施加外力的装置的张力线具有轴向插入模具中的一端，用于结合到铸造封装构件中。 在低于聚合物固化温度的温度下，还将导线置于压缩状态。 为了在温度升高的温度下保持压缩，限制性圆柱形螺旋弹簧直接接合在封装构件周围。 或者，可以在封装构件上电铸金属限制构件。 该附接装置适用于夹紧从连接装置的每个端部延伸的光纤，或者用于夹持其端部终止于附接结构内的光纤。
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公开(公告)号：US4859844A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US159816
申请日：1988-02-24
申请人： Elvin E. Herman , Bart E. Likes
发明人： Elvin E. Herman , Bart E. Likes
CPC分类号： G01D5/35303
摘要： A sensing system having a wideband optical source for providing optical illumination having a bandwidth of at least 25 nanometers, and an optical fiber cable for transmitting the optical illumination to a remote location. A transducer responsive to the transmitted optical illumination amplitude modulates the transmitted optical illumination as a function of a monitored physical parameter (for example, pressure or temperature) to provide an amplitude modulated optical illumination having generally sinusoidally varying nulls across the spectrum thereof, the frequency of the nulls varying across the spectrum of the modulated optical illumination and being a function of the monitored physical parameter. The fiber optic cable (or another fiber optic cable, depending on the transducer implementation) transmits the modulated optical illumination to an optical spectral analyzer which provides a spectrally dispersed optical signal indicative of the spectral content and amplitudes of the modulated optical illumination. A clocked detector array responsive to the spectrally dispersed optical signal is clocked at a varying clock rate to remove the frequency variation of the periodic nulls across the optical spectrum, so as to provide an electrical signal having a substantially constant frequency of the nulls. Narrowband filtering circuitry filters the electrical signal of substantially constant frequency to provide a filtered signal, and output circuitry responsive to the filtered signal provides an output signal indicative to the substantially constant frequency of the periodic nulls.
摘要翻译： 一种感测系统，具有用于提供具有至少25纳米的带宽的光学照明的宽带光源和用于将光照射传输到远程位置的光纤电缆。 响应于所发射的光照射幅度的换能器根据被监测的物理参数（例如压力或温度）调制透射的光学照明，以提供在其光谱上具有大致正弦变化的零点的调幅光学照明，其频率 在调制的光学照明的光谱上变化的零点是被监测的物理参数的函数。 光纤电缆（或根据传感器实现的另一根光纤电缆）将调制的光学照明传输到光谱分析仪，该光谱分析仪提供指示调制的光学照明的光谱含量和幅度的光谱分散的光信号。 响应于光谱分散的光信号的时钟检测器阵列以变化的时钟速率被计时以消除跨越光谱的周期性零点的频率变化，以便提供具有基本恒定的零点频率的电信号。 窄带滤波电路对基本恒定频率的电信号进行滤波以提供经滤波的信号，并且响应于经滤波的信号的输出电路提供指示周期性零点的基本恒定频率的输出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4219811A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-26
申请号：US548040
申请日：1975-02-07
CPC分类号： H01Q3/2652 , G01S13/9017
摘要： A system for automatically focusing a synthetic array through derivation of focus error signals which may be used such as by summing a priori data so that the synthetic array data may be optimally focused. Focus error data is derived by forming the synthetic array in three sub-array. The resultant outputs of these three sub-arrays are further processed together to extract data corresponding to the degree of total array defocus. For purposes of imagery generation, the phase and amplitudes of these three sub-array resultants are vectorially summed together and the resultant is magnitude detected to yield imagery output corresponding to the full synthetic array. For derivation of focus error data, the mean (bisector of the relative phase angle between the two end sub-array resultant vectors is measured. This derived bisector's phase angle is compared to the phase angle of the central sub-array resultant vector. The angle of the bisector relative to the central sub-array resultant is representative of the degree of defocus, and the sign of the angle is indicative of whether the array is over or under-defocused. For a properly focused array, the bisector of the two outer subarray resultants is in phase with the resultant vector of the center sub-array.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过导出可以使用的聚焦误差信号来自动聚焦合成阵列的系统，例如通过对先验数据求和，使得合成阵列数据可以被最优化地聚焦。 聚焦误差数据是通过在三个子阵列中形成合成阵列得到的。 这三个子阵列的合成输出被进一步处理以提取对应于整个阵列散焦的程度的数据。 为了产生图像，这三个子阵列结果的相位和幅度被矢量相加在一起，并且得到的结果是检测到的幅度，以产生对应于全合成阵列的图像输出。 对于聚焦误差数据的推导，测量两端子阵列合成矢量之间相对相位角的平分线，将得到的二等分相位角与中心子阵列合成矢量的相位角进行比较， 相对于中心子阵列结果的平分线代表散焦的程度，角度的符号表示阵列是否过度或过度散焦，对于正确聚焦的阵列，两个外部的二等分线 子阵列结果与中心子阵列的合成矢量同相。
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公开(公告)号：US3383602A
公开(公告)日：1968-05-14
申请号：US32442952
申请日：1952-12-05
申请人： ELVIN E. HERMAN
发明人： HERMAN ELVIN E
IPC分类号： G01R19/00
CPC分类号： G01R19/0038
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公开(公告)号：US4227194A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US106293
申请日：1971-01-04
IPC分类号： G01S13/90
CPC分类号： G01S13/9017
摘要： The method and apparatus for processing bipolar coherent sidelooking radar data to achieve continuous real time synthetic array mapping in the form of focused line-by-line imagery. Received radar data is correlated such that a number of subarrays are vectorially combined with appropriate quadratic phase corrections to continuously form the total synthetic array. Each subarray is accumulated in a recirculating (feedback) channel which applies a linear phase correction and amplitude weighting, which in turn reduces the arithmetic operations required to form the array. The subarrays are updated by continuously subtracting out the oldest data and adding new data to yield continuous line-by-line imagery. Alternate accumulator and feedback channels are employed in an interleaved fashion to minimize the buildup of "round-off" errors which result from digital multiplications. The invention is adaptable to all-range-focusing and operation at various pointing angles.
摘要翻译： 用于处理双极相干侧视雷达数据的方法和装置，以集中的逐行图像的形式实现连续的实时合成阵列映射。 接收的雷达数据相关，使得多个子阵列与适当的二次相位校正进行矢量组合，以连续形成总合成阵列。 每个子阵列被累积在循环（反馈）通道中，该通道应用线性相位校正和幅度加权，这反过来减小了形成阵列所需的算术运算。 通过连续减去最旧的数据并添加新数据以产生连续的逐行图像来更新子阵列。 交替累加器和反馈通道以交错方式采用，以最小化由数字乘法产生的“舍入”误差的累积。 本发明适用于各种指向角度的全范围聚焦和操作。
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公开(公告)号：US3978482A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-31
申请号：US561523
申请日：1975-03-24
CPC分类号： H01Q3/26 , G01S13/003 , G01S13/87 , G01S7/14
摘要： A thinned array real time radar system having an antenna array with receiving elements spaced more than one wavelength apart and having a dynamic means for programming the focus of the array so that it is time sequentially focused to accommodate radar echoes over a range interval from a near range out to infinity to provide an improvement in azimuth resolution, the improvement being substantially large for the near ranges. The system includes a separate mixer for every element of the array for receiving return energy therefrom and with each mixer having a separate local oscillator input. The local oscillator frequency varies as a prescribed first function during each period of processing over the selected range interval and the path length distribution of the feeds between the local oscillator and each individual mixer vaires as a prescribed second function. The first and second functions may be separable functions of an expression approximating the time-space variations of the spherical phase front received by the antenna array. The local oscillator feed is selected so that the distance from the local oscillator to each particular mixer varies as a function of the distance squared from the center of the array or processing point of the array.
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