公开(公告)号：US20240203610A1

公开(公告)日：2024-06-20

申请号：US18514783

申请日：2023-11-20

申请人： Michael T. Kotschenruether

发明人： Michael T. Kotschenruether

IPC分类号： G21B1/11

CPC分类号： G21B1/11

摘要： A surface exposed to a plasma or energetic particles (“plasma-exposed surface”) in a device to confine a plasma, including a liquid composition wherein metallic elements dominate by atomic fraction and wherein elements with Z

公开(公告)号：US20180261366A1

公开(公告)日：2018-09-13

申请号：US15757130

申请日：2016-09-01

申请人： TOKAMAK ENERGY LTD

发明人： Charles MONROE ,  Paul NOONAN

IPC分类号： H01F6/04 ,  G21B1/21 ,  G01R33/38

CPC分类号： H01F6/04 ,  G01R33/3804 ,  G21B1/00 ,  G21B1/11 ,  G21B1/21

摘要： A cooling system for use in a superconducting magnet comprising a high temperature superconductor, HTS, coil. The cooling system comprises a refrigeration unit, one or more coolant channels, and a pumping unit. The refrigeration unit is configured to cool a gas, wherein the gas is hydrogen or helium. The one or more coolant channels are configured to be placed in thermal contact with components of the superconducting magnet and to carry said gas. The pumping unit is configured to pump said gas through the coolant channels. The refrigeration unit and pumping unit are configured to maintain the gas at a pressure and temperature such that a Joule-Thompson coefficient of the gas is positive, and the coolant channel is configured to reduce the pressure of gas as it flows through the channel by one or more of a throttle, a valve, and choice and/or variance of a cross section of the coolant channel.

公开(公告)号：US08652589B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-18

申请号：US12358471

申请日：2009-01-23

申请人： Jurgen Ramm

发明人： Jurgen Ramm

IPC分类号： C23C14/08 ,  C23C14/24 ,  C23C14/32 ,  B05D5/00 ,  H05H1/48 ,  H05H1/52

CPC分类号： B65D25/14 ,  B65D25/34 ,  C23C14/025 ,  C23C14/08 ,  F16C33/043 ,  F16C33/14 ,  F16C2223/60 ,  G21B1/11 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T428/13 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/31678

摘要： The method for manufacturing a hydrogen permeation barrier comprises the steps of a) depositing on a substrate (SUB) a layer system (LS) comprising at least one layer (L1,L2,L3); characterized in that step a) comprises the step of b) depositing at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) comprising an at least ternary oxide. The apparatus comprises a sealable volume and a wall forming at least a portion of a boundary limiting said volume, wherein said wall comprises a hydrogen permeation barrier comprising a layer system (LS) comprising at least one layer, wherein said layer system comprises at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) comprising an at least ternary oxide.Preferably, said at least ternary oxide is substantially composed of Al, Cr and O, and said depositing said at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) is carried out using a physical vapor deposition method, in particular a cathodic arc evaporation method.Preferably, step a) comprises depositing on said substrate at least one of: an adhesion layer (AdhL), a hydrogen storage layer (HStL), a protective layer (ProtL), in particular a thermal barrier layer (ThBL), a diffusion barrier layer (DBL), an oxidation barrier layer (OxBL), a chemical barrier layer (ChBL), a wear resistance layer (WRL).Excellent hydrogen permeation barrier properties can be achieved, and the layer system can be tailored as required by an envisaged application.

摘要翻译： 用于制造氢渗透阻挡层的方法包括以下步骤：a）在衬底（SUB）上沉积包括至少一层（L1，L2，L3）的层系统（LS）; 其特征在于步骤a）包括以下步骤：b）沉积包含至少三元氧化物的至少一个氢阻挡层（HPBL）。 该装置包括可密封体积和形成限制所述体积的边界的至少一部分的壁，其中所述壁包括氢渗透屏障，其包括包含至少一层的层系统（LS），其中所述层系统包括至少一个 包含至少三元氧化物的氢阻挡层（HPBL）。 优选地，所述至少三元氧化物基本上由Al，Cr和O组成，并且所述沉积所述至少一个氢阻挡层（HPBL）是使用物理气相沉积法，特别是阴极电弧蒸发法进行的。 优选地，步骤a）包括在所述衬底上沉积以下至少一种：粘合层（AdhL），储氢层（HStL），保护层（ProtL），特别是热阻挡层（ThBL），扩散阻挡层 层（DBL），氧化阻挡层（OxBL），化学阻挡层（ChBL），耐磨层（WRL）。 可以实现优异的氢渗透阻隔性能，并且层系统可以根据设想的应用的要求进行定制。

公开(公告)号：US20120155591A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

申请号：US12932641

申请日：2011-03-01

申请人： Brent Freeze

发明人： Brent Freeze

IPC分类号： G21B1/11 ,  H05H1/12

CPC分类号： G21B1/057 ,  G21B1/05 ,  G21B1/11 ,  G21B1/17 ,  Y02E30/126

摘要： A compressor assembly and the method of using the same which includes an elongated spiral passageway within which a compact toroid plasma, such as a compact toroid plasma structure, can be efficiently compressed to a high-energy state by compressing the compact toroid plasma structure by its own momentum against the wall of the spiral passageway in a manner to induce heating by conservation of energy. The compressor assembly also includes a burn chamber that is in communication with the spiral passageway and into which the compressed compact toroid plasma structure is introduced following its compression.

摘要翻译： 一种压缩机组件及其使用方法，其包括细长的螺旋通道，其中紧凑的环形等离子体（例如紧凑的环形等离子体结构）可以通过其紧凑的环形等离子体结构被压缩成高能量状态而被有效地压缩到高能量状态 自己的动作抵抗螺旋通道的墙壁，以通过节能来诱发加热。 压缩机组件还包括与螺旋通道连通的燃烧室，压缩机组件在其压缩之后引入压缩的压电环形等离子体结构。

公开(公告)号：US20080251502A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-16

申请号：US10979598

申请日：2004-11-01

申请人： Hendrik J. Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

发明人： Hendrik J. Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

IPC分类号： B23K9/00

CPC分类号： H05H1/12 ,  G21B1/00 ,  G21B1/052 ,  G21B1/11 ,  G21D7/00 ,  H05H1/14 ,  Y02E30/122 ,  Y02E30/126

摘要： A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

公开(公告)号：US07391160B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-24

申请号：US10983012

申请日：2004-11-04

申请人： Hendrik J. Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

发明人： Hendrik J. Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

IPC分类号： H01J7/24

CPC分类号： H05H1/12 ,  G21B1/00 ,  G21B1/052 ,  G21B1/11 ,  G21D7/00 ,  H05H1/14 ,  Y02E30/122 ,  Y02E30/126

摘要： A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

公开(公告)号：US20080069287A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-20

申请号：US10983012

申请日：2004-11-04

申请人： Hendrik J. Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

发明人： Hendrik J. Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

IPC分类号： G21B1/00

CPC分类号： H05H1/12 ,  G21B1/00 ,  G21B1/052 ,  G21B1/11 ,  G21D7/00 ,  H05H1/14 ,  Y02E30/122 ,  Y02E30/126

摘要： A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

摘要翻译： 用于在场反向配置（FRC）磁拓扑中的受控融合并将融合产物能量直接转换为电力的系统和装置。 优选地，等离子体离子被磁力限制在FRC中，而等离子体电子通过调谐外部施加的磁场而被静电限制在深能量阱中。 在这种结构中，离子和电子可以具有足够的密度和温度，使得在碰撞时它们被核力熔合在一起，从而形成以环形束形式出现的熔融产物。 当它们旋转通过反向回旋加速器的电极时，能量从熔融产物离子中去除。 有利地，可以与本限制和能量转换系统一起使用的熔融燃料等离子体包括先进的（非经济的）燃料。

公开(公告)号：US20050258767A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-24

申请号：US10982515

申请日：2004-11-05

申请人： Hendrik Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

发明人： Hendrik Monkhorst ,  Norman Rostoker

IPC分类号： G21B1/11 ,  G21D7/00 ,  H01J7/24 ,  H05H1/11 ,  H05H1/12 ,  H05H1/16

CPC分类号： H05H1/12 ,  G21B1/00 ,  G21B1/052 ,  G21B1/11 ,  G21D7/00 ,  H05H1/14 ,  Y02E30/122 ,  Y02E30/126

摘要： A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

公开(公告)号：US06888434B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

申请号：US10840082

申请日：2004-05-06

申请人： John T. Nordberg

发明人： John T. Nordberg

IPC分类号： G21B1/11 ,  H01F5/00

CPC分类号： G21B1/05 ,  G21B1/11 ,  Y02E30/126

摘要： A nuclear fusion reactor system includes a reactor core containing nuclear fusionable material and a plurality of conducting spheres arranged adjacent each other with at least two of said conducting spheres adjacent the reactor core. The reactor core and the conducting spheres form a electro/magnetic circuit such that fusion of fusionable material in the reactor core establishes an electro/magnetic flow around the electro/magnetic circuit. Preferably, a spherical electromagnetic confinement field is initiated around the reactor core such that fusion of the nuclear fusionable material generates a plasma which interacts with the spherical electromagnetic confinement field in a magnethydrodynamic manner. Preferably, electrical energy is inductively extracted in response to the electro/magnetic flow through a coil arrangement located around at least one of the conducting spheres.

公开(公告)号：US5675304A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-07

申请号：US507620

申请日：1995-07-26

申请人： Alexsandr V. Georgiyevskiy

发明人： Alexsandr V. Georgiyevskiy

IPC分类号： H05H1/12 ,  H01K5/00

CPC分类号： G21B1/11 ,  Y02E30/122 ,  Y02E30/124

摘要： A novel method and apparatus are described for modifying the field within the toroidal chamber of a stellarator or a tokamak. At least one additional electrical conductor is arranged around the straight axis of the toroidal chamber and has a sawtooth or zigzag shape with the number of teeth being the same as the number of toroidal field coils or a factor thereof. The conductor is shaped so that one edge of each tooth is substantially parallel to a portion of one of the toroidal field coils while the other edge of the tooth extends from the upper portion of one coil to a lower portion of the toroidal field coil associated with another tooth. The conductor is adapted to carry a current that is approximately the same as that in the toroidal field coil but in the opposite direction. As a result of this arrangement, magnetic effects can be achieved within the toroidal chamber that are approximately the same as would be created by a helical current flow around the toroidal chamber as in a torsatron or by a twisted toroidal field coil.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于修改恒星器或托卡马克的环形室内的场的新颖方法和装置。 至少一个额外的电导体围绕环形室的直轴布置，并且具有锯齿形或锯齿形，其齿数与环形场线圈的数量或其因素相同。 导体成形为使得每个齿的一个边缘基本上平行于环形场线圈中的一个的一部分，而齿的另一个边缘从一个线圈的上部延伸到与环形场线圈相关联的环形场线圈的下部 另一颗牙齿 该导体适于承载与环形场线圈大致相同但相反方向的电流。 作为这种布置的结果，可以在环形室内实现大致相同于在环形室周围的螺旋电流（如扭转器或扭转环形场线圈）产生的磁效应。