公开(公告)号：US06803750B2

公开(公告)日：2004-10-12

申请号：US10406682

申请日：2003-04-03

申请人： Jason Zhang

发明人： Jason Zhang

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584 ,  H02M3/1588 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A multi-phase synchronous buck converter manufacturable using MCM architecture having improved output current sharing capability. The device is constructed of a plurality of single phase buck converter stages, and a sensing circuit for each converter stage to generate an output signal representative of the output current provided by that converter stage. A master controller provides duty cycle control signals in a predetermined phase relationship for the switching transistors of the individual converter stages according to the difference between the output voltage from the multi-phase converter and a reference signal representing a desired voltage at the output node. A duty cycle trimming controller which may include individual duty cycle trimming circuits coupled between the master controller and the drive circuits for each converter stage, modifies the duty cycle control signals from the master controller to equalize as nearly as possible the currents provided by each stage. A current sharing controller provides control signals to the duty cycle trimming controller. This functions to provide a difference signal between the actual current output of a particular stage and either the average of all the stage currents, the smallest stage current, or the largest stage current.

摘要翻译： 具有改进的输出电流共享能力的使用MCM架构的多相同步降压转换器。 该装置由多个单相降压转换器级构成，每个转换器级的感测电路产生表示由该转换器级提供的输出电流的输出信号。 主控制器根据来自多相转换器的输出电压和表示输出节点期望电压的参考信号之间的差异，为各个转换器级的开关晶体管以预定的相位关系提供占空比控制信号。 可以包括耦合在主控制器和用于每个转换器级的驱动电路之间的各个占空比微调电路的占空比修整控制器，修改来自主控制器的占空比控制信号，以尽可能地均衡每个级提供的电流。 电流共享控制器向占空比修整控制器提供控制信号。 这用于提供特定级的实际电流输出与所有级电流，最小级电流或最大级电流的平均值之间的差信号。

公开(公告)号：US06803749B2

公开(公告)日：2004-10-12

申请号：US10337735

申请日：2003-01-08

申请人： Kouji Manabe ,  Yoshihiro Mitsumoto

发明人： Kouji Manabe ,  Yoshihiro Mitsumoto

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02J7/1438

摘要： A power supply system includes: a high voltage power supply; a main power supply wire; a step down circuit inputting a power having a high voltage and outputting a power having a lowered voltage; a sub-power supply wire; a voltage sensor for sensing a voltage of the power outputted from the step down circuit; a sub-switching element disposed on the sub-power supply wire; and a controller for controlling the sub-switching element. The controller turns off the sub-switching element, when the voltage sensed with the voltage sensor is equal to or higher than a first predetermined voltage defined lower than the lowered voltage. Moreover, the controller drives the sub-switching element in duty control for stepping down the power having the high voltage to the power having the lowered voltage outputted from the step down circuit, when the voltage sensed with the voltage sensor is lower than the first predetermined voltage.

摘要翻译： 电源系统包括：高压电源; 主电源线; 降压电路输入具有高电压的电力并输出具有降低的电压的电力; 子电源线; 用于感测从降压电路输出的电力的电压的电压传感器; 设置在副电源线上的副开关元件; 以及用于控制子开关元件的控制器。 当用电压传感器感测的电压等于或高于限定为低于降低的电压的第一预定电压时，控制器关闭副开关元件。 此外，当利用电压传感器检测到的电压低于第一预定值时，控制器将副开关元件驱动占空比控制，以将具有高电压的功率降压到从降压电路输出的具有降低的电压的电力 电压。

公开(公告)号：US06765370B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10150302

申请日：2002-05-17

申请人： Larry D. Bradley

发明人： Larry D. Bradley

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M3/1582 ,  H02J7/00

摘要： A system and a method are provided for bi-directional power conversion in a portable device. The system uses a single inductor to perform both buck and boost power conversion operations and a controller to supply signals to two switches, enabling electric current paths. The system includes a battery connected to ground and to an inductor terminal. The first switch has a terminal connected to a portable device power bus, a second terminal connected to a second inductor terminal, and an input to accept a control signal. The second switch has a terminal connected to the second inductor terminal, a second terminal connected to a portable device ground, and an input to accept a control signal. Controller inputs accept the bus voltage and the battery voltage and outputs supply power conversion control signals to the switches in response to evaluating the bus and battery voltages. The controller supplies buck power conversion control signals to: close the first switch and open the second switch to build up voltage across the inductor to reduce the voltage supplied to the battery by an external power supply connected to the bus; and to open the first switch and close the second switch to discharge the inductor built-up voltage to the battery. The controller supplies boost power conversion control signals to open the first switch and close the second switch to build up voltage across the inductor and to close the first switch and open the second switch to add the inductor built-up voltage to the voltage supplied by the battery to the bus.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于便携式设备中的双向电力转换的系统和方法。 该系统使用单个电感器执行降压和升压功率转换操作，以及控制器向两个开关提供信号，从而实现电流通路。 该系统包括连接到地和连接到电感器端子的电池。 第一开关具有连接到便携式设备电源总线的端子，连接到第二电感器端子的第二端子和接受控制信号的输入端。 第二开关具有连接到第二电感器端子的端子，连接到便携式设备地的第二端子和接受控制信号的输入端。 响应评估总线和电池电压，控制器输入接受总线电压和电池电压，并向开关输出电源电源转换控制信号。 控制器提供降压功率转换控制信号：关闭第一个开关并打开第二个开关，以在整个电感上建立电压，以减少由连接到总线的外部电源提供给电池的电压; 并打开第一个开关并关闭第二个开关，以将电感器累积电压放电到电池。 控制器提供升压功率转换控制信号以打开第一开关并闭合第二开关以在整个电感器上建立电压并闭合第一开关并打开第二开关以将电感器累积电压加到由 电池到公车。

公开(公告)号：US06642696B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US10205242

申请日：2002-07-25

申请人： Tetsuo Tateishi

发明人： Tetsuo Tateishi

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M3/1588 ,  H02M2001/0009 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A DC-DC converter that does not need a series resistance element on the output side, and can make use of the parasitic resistance of a coil to improve output characteristics and prevent a decrease in efficiency. In switching unit 40, transistors M1 and M2 are turned ON/OFF alternately in correspondence with pulse signal Sp; input voltage Vin is fed intermittently to node ND1; in output filter unit 10, output voltage Vout that is smoothed with coil Le and capacitor Cout is output to terminal Tout. In feedback control unit 100, divided voltage Vo1 obtained by dividing the voltage at node ND1 is compared with reference voltage Vref, and the result of the comparison is integrated to generate control voltage Vc. In PWM modulation unit 30, pulse signal Sp with pulse width controlled is generated according to control voltage Vc and sent to switching unit 40. Consequently, the parasitic resistance of coil Le of output filter unit 10 is used to perform static load regulation, and it is possible to improve the stability of the output voltage and the conversion efficiency.

摘要翻译： 在输出侧不需要串联电阻元件的DC-DC转换器，可以利用线圈的寄生电阻来提高输出特性，防止效率降低。 在开关单元40中，晶体管M1和M2与脉冲信号Sp相对应地交替地导通/截止; 输入电压Vin间歇地馈送到节点ND1; 在输出滤波器单元10中，将线圈Le和电容器Cout平滑的输出电压Vout输出到端子Tout。 在反馈控制单元100中，将节点ND1处的电压除以得到的分压电压Vo1与参考电压Vref进行比较，并且比较结果被积分以产生控制电压Vc。 在PWM调制单元30中，根据控制电压Vc产生具有脉冲宽度控制的脉冲信号Sp并发送到开关单元40.因此，输出滤波器单元10的线圈Le的寄生电阻用于执行静态负载调节， 可以提高输出电压的稳定性和转换效率。

公开(公告)号：US06580252B1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-17

申请号：US09877351

申请日：2001-06-07

申请人： Ho-Yuan Yu

发明人： Ho-Yuan Yu

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H01L29/66901 ,  H01L27/098 ,  H03K17/04106 ,  H03K17/04163 ,  H03K17/063

摘要： An enhancement mode JFET as a switching device in a boost converter circuit combined with a single rectifier diode and an inductor. A control circuit coupled to the gate of the JFET switches the JFET between a current conducting state and a current blocking state. The ratio of converter dc output voltage to converter dc input voltage is determined by the ratio of JFET conducting time to the sum of JFET conducting time and JFET blocking time. This pulse width modulation scheme is thus used to adjust the dc output voltage level. Limits on both frequency of operation and duty cycle result from slow switching speeds. Each time a device switches between states, a certain amount of energy is lost. The slower the device switching time, the greater the power loss in the circuit. The effects become very important in high frequency (fast switching) and/or high power circuits where as much as 50% of the losses are due to excessive switch transition time. The enhancement mode JFET is an excellent switch since it has a very small internal resistance between source and drain in the conducting state as well as a very small terminal voltage. As a result, very little power is dissipated in the JFET itself. Furthermore, the current carriers in the JFET are all majority carriers which results in very short switching transition times. As a result, the present invention offers significant improvements over existing circuits in high frequency switching as well as high power applications.

摘要翻译： 作为与单个整流二极管和电感器组合的升压转换器电路中的开关器件的增强型JFET。 耦合到JFET的栅极的控制电路使JFET在导通状态和电流阻断状态之间切换。 转换器直流输出电压与转换器直流输入电压的比值由JFET导通时间与JFET导通时间和JFET阻断时间之和的比确定。 因此，该脉宽调制方案用于调节直流输出电压电平。 两个运行频率和占空比的限制都是由于开关速度慢。 每次设备在状态之间切换时，会损失一定的能量。 器件切换时间越慢，电路中的功率损耗越大。 在高频（快速开关）和/或高功率电路中，效应变得非常重要，其中多达50％的损耗是由于过渡开关转换时间造成的。 增强型JFET是一种优秀的开关，因为它在导通状态下的源极和漏极之间具有非常小的内部电阻以及非常小的端子电压。 因此，JFET本身消耗的功率很小。 此外，JFET中的电流载流子都是多数载流子，导致非常短的开关转换时间。 结果，本发明对高频开关以及高功率应用中的现有电路提供了显着的改进。

公开(公告)号：US06507174B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

申请号：US09948804

申请日：2001-09-06

申请人： Jinrong Qian

发明人： Jinrong Qian

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M1/34 ,  H02M3/155 ,  H02M2001/0064 ,  H02M2001/342 ,  Y02B70/1491

摘要： A circuit for clamping a voltage across a switching element to a value equal to or less than the sum of the input voltage plus the voltage across a clamping capacitor is provided. The circuit achieves voltage clamping accordance with one embodiment in which an active clamp circuit includes a switch and a clamping capacitor connected in parallel with a first winding of a coupled winding. The active clamp prevents the occurrence of voltage spikes across the switch. The clamping capacitor recovers energy stored in the first winding of the coupled winding. The circuit achieves voltage clamping in accordance with a second embodiment in which a passive clamp circuit includes a switch a clamping capacitor,and first and second diodes. The passive clamp circuit prevents the occurrence of voltage spikes across the switch. The clamping capacitor recovers energy stored in the first winding of the coupled winding.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于将开关元件两端的电压钳位在等于或小于输入电压加上钳位电容器两端的电压之和的值的电路。 根据一个实施例，电路实现电压钳位，其中有源钳位电路包括与耦合绕组的第一绕组并联连接的开关和钳位电容器。 有源钳位器可防止开关上发生电压尖峰。 钳位电容器恢复存储在耦合绕组的第一绕组中的能量。 根据第二实施例，电路实现电压钳位，其中无源钳位电路包括开关钳位电容器以及第一和第二二极管。 无源钳位电路可防止开关两端发生电压尖峰。 钳位电容器恢复存储在耦合绕组的第一绕组中的能量。

公开(公告)号：US06727679B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-27

申请号：US10096045

申请日：2002-03-12

申请人： Illya Kovarik ,  Peter W. Neumann

发明人： Illya Kovarik ,  Peter W. Neumann

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02J7/0065 ,  H02M3/155

摘要： A DC—DC voltage converter that is capable of increasing as well as decreasing the voltage of a battery pack for application to a power tool or other load. The converter thereby enables different voltage batteries to be used with power tools that have motors that operate at different voltages. The voltage conversion is accomplished by using a relatively high speed switching circuit wherein the duty cycle of the switching circuitry varies the output voltage. An alternative embodiment utilizes feedback control circuitry to automatically adjust the duty cycle so that the speed of the motor, which is a function of the voltage applied to it, would be held generally constant.

摘要翻译： DC-DC电压转换器，其能够增加以及降低用于电动工具或其它负载的电池组的电压。 因此，转换器使得不同电压的电池可以与具有在不同电压下工作的电动机的电动工具一起使用。 电压转换通过使用相对高速的开关电路来实现，其中开关电路的占空比改变输出电压。 一个替代实施例利用反馈控制电路来自动调整占空比，使得作为施加到其的电压的函数的电动机的速度将保持一般恒定。

公开(公告)号：US06465990B2

公开(公告)日：2002-10-15

申请号：US09810807

申请日：2001-03-15

申请人： Beniamin Acatrinei ,  Ronald A. Lesea

发明人： Beniamin Acatrinei ,  Ronald A. Lesea

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M1/4208 ,  G05F1/70 ,  Y02B70/126

摘要： A Parallel Charge, Series Discharge method and apparatus for power factor correction and improved efficiency comprising an energy source, two (or more) impedance(s) capable of storing and delivering electrical energy, a switching circuit having one position so that inpedance(s) charge in a parallel mode with a fraction of the electrical energy incoming from one (or more) rectified AC input generator(s), and another position so that inpedance(s) discharge some of the electrical energy stored into the load, the switch having a frequency and duty cycle so that the input current rectified waveform from the energy source will approximate the voltage rectified waveform from the energy source.

摘要翻译： 一种用于功率因数校正和提高效率的并联充电，串联放电方法和装置，包括能量源，能够存储和传送电能的两个（或更多个）阻抗;具有一个位置的开关电路， 以并联模式充电，其中一部分（或多个）整流的AC输入发生器输入的电能的一部分，以及另一个位置，使得阻抗放出存储到负载中的一些电能，开关具有 频率和占空比，使得来自能量源的输入电流整流波形将近似来自能量的电压整流波形。

公开(公告)号：US06404175B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

申请号：US09757801

申请日：2001-01-09

申请人： Eric X. Yang ,  Jason Guo

发明人： Eric X. Yang ,  Jason Guo

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584 ,  H02M2003/1586

摘要： A multi-phase power supply utilizes a current sensor including a sensor inductor winding connected in parallel with a filter inductor winding at the output of each phase for sensing the phase currents and balancing the current by adjusting the duty cycle of each phase through feedback control. In addition, in a multi-module power supply configuration, current between power supply modules is balanced through use of the same current sensor and current sharing technique. Each phase of the power supply includes at least one input power source and a current sensor. The sensor inductor winding and the filter inductor winding have the same number of turns and are wound about a magnetic core also present at each phase. A differential amplifier at each phase senses and amplifies any voltage difference between the outputs of the sensor inductor winding and the corresponding filter inductor winding. A current-sharing bus is formed between each of the phases, carrying the summed and averaged outputs from all the differential amplifiers. A feedback correction circuit at each phase utilizes the voltage on the current-sharing bus as a reference to control a pulse width modulator in adjusting the duty cycle of the corresponding phase, thereby balancing the load current among the phases. In a multi-module, multi-phase power supply, the current-sharing bus and a voltage-sharing bus are extended between each module and the phases of each module to achieve the same current balancing between all phases and modules.

摘要翻译： 多相电源使用电流传感器，其包括与每相输出端的滤波电感器绕组并联连接的传感器电感线圈，用于通过反馈控制调节每相的占空比来感测相电流并平衡电流。 另外，在多模块电源配置中，通过使用相同的电流传感器和电流共享技术来平衡电源模块之间的电流。 电源的每个相包括至少一个输入电源和电流传感器。 传感器电感绕组和滤波电感绕组具有相同的匝数，并缠绕在每个相位上也存在的磁芯。 每个相位的差分放大器可以感测和放大传感器电感线圈和相应的滤波电感绕组的输出之间的任何电压差。 在每个相之间形成一个电流共享总线，其中载有来自所有差分放大器的相加和平均的输出。 每相上的反馈校正电路利用电流共享总线上的电压作为参考来控制脉冲宽度调制器来调节相应相位的占空比，从而平衡相间的负载电流。 在多模块多相电源中，每个模块和各个模块的相位之间扩展了分流总线和电压共享总线，以实现所有相和模块之间的相同电流平衡。

公开(公告)号：US06265854B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-24

申请号：US09639151

申请日：2000-08-16

申请人： Harry Neuteboom

发明人： Harry Neuteboom

IPC分类号： G05F1652

CPC分类号： H02M3/1563 ,  H02M3/1588 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A converter for converting a terminal voltage (Vk1) supplied by a battery (BT) which is connected between an input terminal (1) and a reference terminal (GND) into an output voltage (U0) across a load (ZL) which is connected between an output terminal (2) and the reference terminal (GND). The converter comprises a first and a second switch (SW1, SW2), a coil (L), a control circuit (CNTRL), a comparator (CMP), a frequency counter (CNT), and an indicator (IND). If the output voltage (U0) is lower than the reference voltage (VRF), the start signal (ST) will turn logic high. As a consequence the control circuit (CNTRL) will start an energy transfer cycle for transferring an amount of energy from the battery (BT) to the load (ZL). The frequency of the start signal (ST) increases as the terminal voltage (Vk1) decreases. By measuring the frequency of the start signal (ST), the indicator (IND) has the possibility of supplying a battery-low indication signal (BTLW) when the battery (BT) is almost empty.

摘要翻译： A转换器，用于将连接在输入端子（1）和参考端子（GND）之间的电池（BT）提供的端子电压（Vk1）转换成跨过所连接的负载（ZL）的输出电压（U0） 在输出端子（2）和参考端子（GND）之间。 转换器包括第一和第二开关（SW1，SW2），线圈（L），控制电路（CNTRL），比较器（CMP），频率计数器（CNT）和指示器（IND）。 如果输出电压（U0）低于参考电压（VRF），则起始信号（ST）将变为逻辑高电平。 因此，控制电路（CNTRL）将开始一个能量传输周期，用于将一定量的能量从电池（BT）传输到负载（ZL）。 起始信号（ST）的频率随着端子电压（Vk1）的减小而增加。 通过测量启动信号（ST）的频率，当电池（BT）几乎为空时，指示器（IND）可能提供电池电量低的指示信号（BTLW）。