Abstract:
A communication system includes communication protocols that allow a single network or multiple neighboring networks to increase resource sharing and reduce mutual interference and increase their overall throughput. Various protocols apply to homogenous networks in which all power line communication (PLC) devices of multiple networks are interoperable with respect to full power line communication in a common PHY (specifications, signaling capabilities, modulation scheme, coding scheme, bandwidth, etc.) and to heterogeneous networks in which devices of some PLC networks are not interoperable with PLC devices of other PLC networks with respect to full power line communication given that the devices of the different networks do not employ a common PHY. With respect to heterogeneous networks, a protocol is provided to enable coexistence via a signaling scheme common to all of the devices of the network that allows resource sharing between the devices of the multiple heterogeneous networks. Homogeneous networks are those in which all nodes can communicate with each other using a common PHY, so that information about one PLC network can be transferred to another PLC network. Heterogeneous networks are those in which not all PLC networks can exchange information using their own native PHY, such as where users in different apartments or houses use different devices having different specifications, different signaling capabilities, modulation scheme, coding scheme, bandwidth and the like.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Übertragung von Informationen mit Sendern, die mit der Nahfeldtechnologie arbeiten. Insbesondere wird Synchronisierung der Sender durch ein Bussystem eingeführt. Diese kann zentral durch Vergabe der Senderechte oder dezentral durch eine Zeitsynchronisierung realisiert werden. Damit steht jedem Sender ein bestimmter Zeitraum zu (Time-Slot) in dem dieser berechtigt ist, zu senden. Die Sender, die z. B. in den Sitzen oder Bediengeräten sind, können über einen Bus miteinander verbunden sein, über den nicht nur der Datenaustausch erfolgt, sondern auch die Synchronisierung realisiert wird. Im Sendeprotokoll sind auch Sendepausen vorgesehen, damit eine Fernbedienung oder ein zusätzliche Teilnehmer, der nicht über Bus mit dem System verbunden ist, sich darauf synchronisieren und in den Pausen kollisionsfrei senden kann. Da alle Systemkomponenten wegen des notwendigen Datenaustausches über ein Datenbus miteinander kommunizieren, ist die Synchronisation nicht mit einem zusätzlichen Mehraufwand (Kosten) in der Hardware verbunden.
Abstract:
Communicating among stations in a network includes, from each of multiple stations in the network, transmitting information indicating which other stations from which that station is able to reliably receive transmissions. A schedule for communicating among the stations is determined based on the information from the stations and the schedule is transmitted over the network using a beacon. The schedule includes a plurality of time slots during which respective sets of stations are assigned to communicate using a contention-based protocol. What is disclosed is particularly useful in Broadband Powerline Networks (BPLN) having a headend station (HE) and a number of repeater stations (Rl to R8).
Abstract:
A sensor system includes N sensor system modules that each include respective sensor function modules for processing and communicating signals from at least one external detector. M slave modules selectively control power to the sensor function modules. M and N are integers greater than one. A master power control module serially controls the M slave modules via a bus based on functions of the sensor function modules.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a communication system (10) for a vehicle (12), particularly an industrial or agricultural utility vehicle. Said communication system (10) comprises at least two main operational components (14) and a network (16). The vehicle (12) and preferably at least one working function can be operated by means of the main operational components (14). One main operational component (14) is equipped with an interface unit (32) and an optional control unit, by means of which the main operational component (14) can be controlled and/or regulated. Data can be transmitted from an interface unit (32) of one main operational unit (14) to an interface unit (32) of another main operational component (14) via the network (16). The invention further relates to a method for operating a communication system (10). In order to design a simplified architecture and/or a communication system having a larger bandwidth, the network (16) which connects the interface units (32) is provided with an Ethernet data network.
Abstract:
An automated meter reading system and communications network. The system comprises a multi-tiered network for obtaining information from utility meters and communicating the information to a central database. A plurality of terminal units are each operatively connected to a utility meter to sense operational data of the utility meter and transmit the data through the network when polled. A plurality of primary units are each operatively connected to a utility meter to sense operational data of the utility meter and transmit the data through the network. The primary units also request data from one or more of the terminal units by polling the terminal units, and transmit that data through the network. Data collection units receive data from the primary units and transmit the data to a central host computer. The network is configurable so that status information or requests can be transmitted from the terminal units to the host computer or from the host computer to any of the terminal units.
Abstract:
Method for bus communication according to the LIN protocol, wherein the LIN master (M) is extended with a functionality for processing a data frame (100). The master has the following properties: - allocation of a node address to each slave (S1,...Sn), - communication of the number of slaves, - allocation of a single identifier to each slave, - reception of the serially transmitted useful data bytes (2) and buffer-storage of the useful data bytes (2), - calculation of a checksum over all received useful data bytes and communication of said checksum to all slaves. An observation window (WW) is opened, in which a bus level change to dominant becomes identifiable by the master (M). The master detects the level change and it processes the useful data bytes (2) further after transmission without a level change or it discards them after transmission with a level change. Each slave is extended with a functionality for processing the data frame (100). The slaves (S1,...Sn) have the following properties: - storage of the individually communicated node address, - storage of the number of slaves, - storage of the identifier according to which all the transmitted useful data bytes are received and buffer-stored in each slave (S1,... Sn), - transmission of the dedicated useful data bytes (2) in a specific order, - calculation of a checksum including the dedicated useful data bytes (2) after reception of all the useful data bytes (2') and buffer-storage of the checksum, - each slave (S1,...Sn) carries out a comparison of the checksum (3') communicated by the master (M) with the checksum that it itself calculated, - each slave (S1,... Sn) communicates an error byte in the observation window (WW) if there is inequality between its own checksum and the checksum communicated by the master.
Abstract:
A network system for railway signaling using a switched Ethernet technology and a signal processing method are provided. The system includes a multi port Network Interface Card (NIC), a redundant switch, and a redundant bus. The multi port NIC connects with a plurality of railway signaling equipments, redundantly transceives the same data, and transceives only normal data among the data. The redundant switch connects to the NIC, switches data using a buffer, and provides the data to a plurality of the NICs connected. The redundant bus transceives data between the NIC and the redundant switch.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Informationsübermittlung zwischen einer Master-Steuereinheit und einer Slave-Steuereinheit, wobei die Master-Steuereinheit (4) an einem Ausgangsanschluss (HI_LO_BUS) ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal (7) ausgibt, um dieses über einen Bus (6) an die Slave-Steuereinheit (5) zu übertragen, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: Erzeugen eines Quittungssignals in periodischen Quittungs-Zeitintervallen (TQuitt) durch die Slave-Steuereinheit (5); Beeinflussen des auf dem Bus (6) übertragenen pulsweitenmodulierten Signals (7) während des Quittungs-Zeitintervalls (TQuitt) durch die Slave-Steuereinheit (5); Erfassen des beeinflussten pulsweitenmodulierten Signals (7) durch die Master-Steuereinheit (4), wobei das am Ausgangssignalanschluss (HI_LO_BUS) ausgegebene pulsweitenmodulierte Signal (7) an einem Eingangssignalanschluss (Read Back Bus) der Master-Steuereinheit (4) zurück gelesen wird.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for controlling utilization of resources(s) of contention by a plurality of devices of a single or multiple priority classes. A utilization scaling factor is determined for each class for the resource(s) and compared with a threshold value. An apersistence property pattern is then created for each class that includes apersistence property entries corresponding to apersistence update cycles of an apersistence pattern window. Where the scaling factor is in a first range corresponding to low resource loading, the class pattern includes unimpeded entries allowing the devices in a class to attempt to utilize the resource. Otherwise, the class pattern is created with at least one blocking entry that prevents all devices in a class from attempting utilization of the resource during the corresponding apersistence update cycle. An apersistence property pattern entry is then provided from the pattern to the devices in each apersistence update cycle of the apersistence pattern window.