Abstract:
A JFET integrated onto a substrate having a semiconductor layer at least and having source and drain contacts over an active area and made of first polysilicon (or other conductors such as refractive metal or suicide) and a self-aligned gate contact made of second polysilicon which has been polished back to be flush with a top surface of a dielectric layer covering the tops of the source and drain contacts. The dielectric layer preferably has a nitride cap to act as a polish stop. In some embodiments, nitride covers the entire dielctric layer covering the source and drain contacts as well as the field oxide region defining an active area for said JFET. An embodiment with an epitaxially grown channel region formed on the surface of the substrate is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A system for tuning a radio-frequency signal includes a first input path, a second input path, a common reference generator, a selector, a mixer, and a filter. The first input path and the second input path propagate a first single-ended input signal and a second single-ended input signal, respectively, to the selector. The selector converts the first single-ended input signal and the second single-ended input signal into a first differential input signal and a second differential input signal, respectively, using a reference signal generated by the common reference generator. The selector selectively couples one of the first and the second input path to an input of the mixer. The mixer downconverts a selected on of the differential input signals received from the selector. The filter attenuates a portion of the downconverted input signal outside a passband associated with the filter.
Abstract:
A system for managing trading orders comprises a memory operable to store first and second trading orders for a particular trading product received from first and second traders, respectively. Each trading order comprises a display portion and a reserve portion. The second trading order is received after the first trading order. A processor coupled to the memory is operable to receive from a counterparty trader a counterorder for the particular trading product, fill the display portion of the first and second trading orders in the order received, and after filling the display portion of the second trading order, exclusively offer at least a portion of the counterorder to the first trader for a configurable period of time.
Abstract:
A system for replenishing trading orders comprises a memory coupled to a processor. The memory stores a trading order comprising a total quantity of a product, and at least one formula to determine a displayed quantity for the trading order. The processor applies the formula to determine the displayed quantity. The processor further determines a reserved quantity based on the determined displayed quantity and the total quantity. The processor communicates the trading order having the determined displayed quantity and the determined reserved quantity.
Abstract:
According to one embodiment, a system for generating a display of a limit order book is provided. Data regarding a plurality of limit orders entered onto an electronic market is received and recorded by a memory, at least temporarily. The data regarding each limit order includes a price and a time associated with that limit order. Based on the received data, a processor generates a graphical display that indicates, for each recorded limit order entered into the electronic market within a period of time, the price and the time associated with that limit order. The price associated with each limit order is indicated by a first axis of the graphical display and the time associated with each limit order is indicated by a second axis of the graphical display. An electronic display device displays the graphical display.
Abstract:
A system for wagering on a jackpot race event, comprises a memory and a processor. The memory stores a qualifying bet associated with a customer and comprises first and second bet components. The first bet component is associated with a first qualifying race event and comprises a first bet amount. The second bet component is associated with a second qualifying race event and comprises a second bet amount. The processor identifies the outcome of the first and second bet components. If both the first and second bet components are winning bets, the processor allocates to the customer a particular number of jackpot bets for a jackpot race event. The particular number of jackpot bets is based at least in part upon the first bet amount and the second bet amount. The first bet amount is allocated to a common pari-mutuel pool for the first qualifying race event.
Abstract:
According to one embodiment, a method of managing trading is provided. In a market for a particular type of instrument, buy orders and sell orders are received from plurality of traders. Each buy order has an associated bid price and each sell order has an associated offer price. A determination is made of whether the particular trading order is an outlying trading order by determining whether the particular trading order differs from at least one comparison price by more than a threshold value. If it is determined that the particular trading is an outlying trading order, a restrictive action is taken regarding the outlying trading order. For example, if a trader subsequently submits another trading order that would trade with the outlying trading order, an alert message may be sent to the trader and the subsequent trading order may be prevented from trading with the outlying trading order at least temporarily.
Abstract:
A convenience gaming system is provided. The convenience gaming system allows users to access applications via gaming communication devices coupled to a communication network. At least a portion of the network may be wireless. The gaming applications include gambling, financial, entertainment service, and other types of transactions. The system may include a user location determination feature to prevent users from conducting transactions from unauthorized areas.
Abstract:
A device for measuring voltage levels includes a root mean square (RMS) detector. The RMS detector includes a linear multiplier, a log converter, a low-pass filter and a temperature compensator. The linear multiplier multiplies a voltage of an input signal by the voltage of the input signal. The low-pass filter couples to an output of the linear multiplier. The log converter generates a logarithmic signal having a voltage that is logarithmically related to a voltage of an output of the low-pass filter. The temperature compensator adjusts the logarithmic signal based on a temperature of the RMS detector. The RMS detector is capable of determine an RMS voltage level of the input signal.
Abstract:
According to one embodiment, a system for managing trading is provided. The system includes a computer having a processor, and a computer-readable medium coupled to the computer. The computer-readable medium includes a program. When executed by the processor, the program is operable to receive electronic data including trading orders from a plurality of traders in a market, each trading order having an associated price; place each of the received trading orders on an electronic trading exchange such that the trading orders may be executed; determine whether the price of a particular trading order differs from a comparison price by more than a threshold value; and if it was determined that the price of the particular trading order differs from the comparison price by more than the threshold value, take a restrictive action regarding one or more trading orders.