摘要:
An apparatus (1) and a method for purifying water make use of an ozone reaction chamber (11) for pre-treatment of the water with ozone (O) followed by an activated carbon filter (51) for pretreatment of the water prior to filtration with a submicron membrane filter (55). In a second embodiment, the raw water to be treated is first passed through a first active carbon filter (6), ozone-treated and passed through a second active carbon filter (51). The water treated in this manner is then filtered in the submicron membrane filter.
摘要:
An apparatus for treating a fluid to be injected into a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation includes a filtration unit having one or more filtration membranes including either or both ultra-filtration membranes and micro-filtration membranes, and an ionic species removal plant, wherein fluid to be injected is first treated by the filtration unit and then treated by the ionic species removal plant. In a preferred embodiment, the ionic species removal plant is a sulfate removal plant which incorporates nano-filtration membranes. A method of treating fluid to be injected into a subterranean formation is also disclosed. A cleaning system and method for use in an apparatus for treating injection fluid is also disclosed.
摘要:
A process for the recovery of methacrylic acid (AMA) from aqueous solutions comprising from 500 to 5,000 ppm of methacrylic acid by: (A) optional addition to Said waters of an acid or basic solution, until obtaining a pH in the range 5-11; (B) feeding of the aqueous mixture obtained in (A) to a membrane or to a membrane system by osmosis, obtaining a permeate containing from 3 to 200 ppm of methacrylic arid and a concentrate containing from 1,000 to 35,000 ppm of methacrylic acid.
摘要:
A process and an apparatus are described for treating seven types of saline waters each having a concentration of total dissolved solids exceeding 1 g/L, wherein the concentration of total dissolved solids, the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the bicarbonate ion concentration and the ratio of the chloride ion concentration to the sulphate ion concentration of each of the water types are as indicated in Table 1. The process includes the steps of contacting the water with a first reagent comprising a source of calcium ions selected from calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to form a first solid product which is recovered. The process includes a further step of subjecting at least a portion of the partially processed water to at least partial evaporation so as to promote the formation of a precipitate and a mother liquor. The Precipitate is recovered as a second product.
摘要:
The present invention provides an integrated system for treatment of biodegradable waste, including sewage sludge, forestry waste, food waste, agricultural waste, municipal waste, and the like. The integrated system comprises an anaerobic reactor, at least one aerobic reactor, a filtration device, and a desalinization device.
摘要:
The invention relates to the field of protein purification and the recovery of large proteinaceous material through small, nanometer sized, pore exclusion filters for removal of contaminants such as viral pathogens.
摘要:
A method of generating fresh water which comprises the steps of separating boron-containing water with a reverse osmosis membrane module to obtain permeated water and subjecting part of the permeated water to a boron removal treatment with an adsorbent, and in which the water which has undergone the boron removal treatment is mixed with that part of the permeated water which has not undergone the boron removal treatment to thereby obtain a water mixture. This method, in which boron is removed from boron-containing water, is economical.
摘要:
The invention pertains to a method for preventing scaling of ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes in a one-step membrane process of separating an organic compound or a biomass and a soluble inorganic salt from an aqueous feed mixture, which mixture further comprises one or more inorganic compounds, that cause scaling, such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfite, magnesium sulfate, calcium oxalate and silica, by using an ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane, characterized in that the feed mixture is diluted with an amount of water which is at least equal to the amount of water that is removed by the membrane from the feed mixture minus the amount of water that can be removed without precipitation of the inorganic compounds in the feed mixture.
摘要:
A method for pretreating waste water for use in reverse osmosis filtration is provided. Small amounts of chemicals are added to the waste water to promote formation of filterable particles from collodial and dissolved solids. These particles are then removed via a closed-end, low pressure, high flowrate filtration system prior to reverse osmosis treatment.
摘要:
Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Phosphatierbadüberlauf oder Spülwasser nach einer Phosphatierung mit einer Phosphatierlösung, die 3 bis 50 g/l Phosphationen und 0,2 bis 3 g/l Zinkionen enthält, wobei der Phosphatierbadüberlauf oder das Spülwasser einer Membranfiltration unterworfen wird und wobei das Retentat der Membranfiltration in einem Retentatkreislauf gefahren werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man entweder i) dem Phosphatierbadüberlauf, dem Spülwasser oder dem Retentatkreislauf vor der Membranfiltration ein Reagenz zur Verzögerung der Membranverblockung zugibt, das ausgewählt ist aus a) 0,01 bis 5 g/l eines Komplexbildners für Schwermetalle b) einer Säure in einer solchen Menge, dass der pH-Wert des Spülwassers auf einen Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 2,5 abgesenkt wird, oder ii) die Membranfiltration zu ausgewählten Zeitpunkten unterbricht und die Membran mit einer wässrigen Lösung einer Säure b) behandelt, die einen pH-Wert im Bereich zwischen 0 und 1,8 aufweist.