Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining a radius of particles suspended in a medium includes superposing first and second Doppler- shifted optical waves having a variable frequency shift between them in the medium such that there is a gain in energy of the first optical wave with respect to the second optical wave, varying the frequency shift and measuring the gain while varying the frequency shift to determine the value of the frequency shift at which there is a peak in the gain, and determining the radius of the particles based on the value of the frequency shift at which there is a peak in the gain.
Abstract:
Aparato de medición para medir la calidad de adhesión de una cinta o etiqueta sensible a la presión, que incluye un accionador eléctrico o neumático que se puede accionar en forma manual o en forma remota para llevar a cabo la evaluación de adhesión por bola rodante bajo condiciones extremas o condiciones diferentes de las estandarizadas en un laboratorio de adhesivos, mediante el uso de un pequeño horno de laboratorio o una pequeña cámara térmica para simular las condiciones extremas. También se describe la instalación del aparato dentro de esas cámaras y su accionamiento en forma remota a través del accionador mencionado instalado en el aparato.
Abstract:
A method of fabricating a substantially rigid hardened wear surface for a tire tread wear testing apparatus is provided, the method comprising making a cast of a road surface on which tread wear of the tire is to be tested, providing a layer of adhesive mixed with at least one aggregate and configured for hardening to create the substantially rigid hardened wear surface, while the layer of adhesive is unhardened: (a) coating the layer of adhesive onto a road wheel of the tire tread wear testing apparatus, and (b) stamping an impression of the cast into the layer of epoxy adhesive for producing the wear surface adapted for emulating one or more surface roughness characteristics of the road surface.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for detecting cross-linking in a polymer, wherein, in some exemplary implementations, the polymer may constitute an encapsulation layer for a photovoltaic module. In one example, a polymer sample is physically deformed, and sample information relating to a relaxation or a recovery of the polymer sample in response to the deformation is obtained. The sample information is then compared to reference information relating to cross-linking of the polymeric material so as to determine a degree of cross-linking in the tested polymer sample. In one aspect, such a determination of polymer cross-linking is achieved without adversely affecting a relevant functionality of the polymer/encapsulation layer (e.g., without destruction to the polymer/encapsulation layer).