Abstract:
The present invention provides adiabatic plug flow reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors comprise one or more designs that minimize the production of by-products at a desired conversion.
Abstract:
The present invention provides continuous, gas phase, free radical processes for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propenes or higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes, wherein wherein at least a portion of any intermediate boiler by-products generated by the process are removed from the process.
Abstract:
A starch-based polymer which comprises (a) from 35 to 65 weight percent of structural units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer free of carboxyl groups, (b) from 35 to 65 weight percent of structural units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid, a salt thereof, an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and (c) from 0 to 15 weight percent of structural units derived from another ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer, wherein the structural units (a), (b) and (c) are grafted on the starch and the percentages of (a), (b) and (c) are based on the total weight of (a) and b, is useful as a surface sizing agent for paper, paperboard or cardboard.
Abstract:
The present invention provides isothermal multitube reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors utilize a feed mixture inlet temperature at least 20°C different from a desired reaction temperature.
Abstract:
A polycarbonate containing one or more end-capping groups of formula (II) wherein A is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a group containing one or three aromatic or heteroaromatic rings to which the oxygens or carboxyl groups are directly linked, with the proviso that A does not contain a heteroatom outside the aromatic rig(s), n is 0 or 1, n' is 0 or 1, n'' is 0 or 1, provided that n' is 0 when n'' is 1, Y is a hydrocarbon group or a group of formula (VI) wherein E in each occurrence independently is O, R2Si or R2Si-O, R in each occurrence independently is H or C1-6-alkyl, m in each occurrence independently is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, p is from 1 to 50 and q is 0 or 1.
Abstract:
The present invention provides isothermal multitube reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors utilize a feed mixture inlet temperature at least 20°C different from a desired reaction temperature.
Abstract:
The present invention provides one-step processes for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propenes. The processes provide good product yield with low, e.g., less than about 20%, or even less than 10%, concentrations of residues/by-products. Advantageously, the processes may be conducted at low temperatures relative to conventional processes, so that energy savings are provided, and/or at higher pressures so that high throughputs may also be realized. The use of catalysts may provide enhancements to conversion rates and selectivity over those seen in conventional processes, as may adjustments to the molar ratio of the reactants.
Abstract:
A starch-based polymer which comprises (a) from 35 to 65 weight percent of structural units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer free of carboxyl groups, (b) from 35 to 65 weight percent of structural units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid, a salt thereof, an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and (c) from 0 to 15 weight percent of structural units derived from another ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer, wherein the structural units (a), (b) and (c) are grafted on the starch and the percentages of (a), (b) and (c) are based on the total weight of (a) and b, is useful as a surface sizing agent for paper, paperboard or cardboard.
Abstract:
The present invention provides one-step processes for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propenes. The processes provide good product yield with low, e.g., less than about 20%, or even less than 10%, concentrations of residues/by-products. Advantageously, the processes may be conducted at low temperatures than 500°C so that energy savings are provided, and/or at higher pressures so that high throughputs may also be realized. The use of catalysts or initiators may provide additional enhancements to conversion rates and selectivity, as may adjustments to the molar ratio of the reactants.
Abstract:
The present invention provides adiabatic plug flow reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors comprise one or more designs that minimize the production of by-products at a desired conversion.