Abstract:
A method for preparing a controlled-release composition for biologically active materials, the composition consisting of amphiphilic substances capable of forming liquid crystalline phases, especially cubic phases, in aqueous medium. The bioactive material is either dissolved or dispersed in the liquid crystalline phase, or alternatively, coated by the liquid crystalline phase. The invention is advantageous from thermodynamical and mechanical points of view, and a rich variety of applications exists.
Abstract:
Dispersion which comprises water, pulverized coal and additive and is stable in storage, can be pumped and can be burnt by conventional technique. The coal content of the dispersion ranges from 60 to 85% by weight and the dispersion contains at least one substance adsorbed to the surfaces of the coal particles, which provides repulsion between the coal particles by hydration forces.
Abstract:
Method for handling a coal-water suspension to be stored in a tank (10) connected to a burner (12), and to be supplied to the burner for combustion therein. In order to avoid the necessity of storing the coal-water suspension in the tank under continuous stirring, said suspension is stored in a heavy condition in the tank. Then, a defined volume of the coal-water suspension is being stirred and after dilution water is supplied in a more fluid, well suspended homogenized condition to the burner for combustion. The invention also relates to a stirring tank (13) for receiving the defined volume while stirring said volume.
Abstract:
Dispersion containing water, pulverized coal and additives, which is stable for storage, pumpable and combustible by conventional technique applied for liquid fuels. The coal content amounts to at least 55 % by weight. The dispersion contains as an additive a ionic surfactant polymer with at least one hydrophobic part with great affinity to the coal surface and at least one hydrophilic part based on ethylene oxide with the mole weight exceeding 1,000. The charge of the polymer is preferably zwitterionic or cationic.
Abstract:
Dispersion which comprises water, pulverized coal and additive and is stable in storage, can be pumped and can be burnt by conventional technique. The coal content of the dispersion ranges from 60 to 85 % by weight and the dispersion contains at least one substance adsorbed to the surfaces of the coal particles, which provides repulsion between the coal particles by hydration forces.
Abstract:
Liquid fuel based on pulverized coal, water and additives, the coal content being at least 55 %. The fuel is suitable for transport in pipelines or direct combustion. A heavily increased dispersion effect as compared with prior art additives is achieved by chemical addition or connection of several aromatic rings to a hydrophilic polymer chain. The polymer chain preferably comprises an anionic or non-ionic graft block copolymerisate.
Abstract:
Dispersion which comprises water, pulverized coal and additives and is stable in storage, can be pumped and can be burned by conventional technique. The coal content of the dispersion ranges from 60 to 80% by weight and the dispersion contains at least one amphiphile substance adsorbed to the surfaces of the coal particles, which provides repulsion between the coal particles by hydration forces, and also polymers cooperating with said substance, at least one of said polymers containing segments of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic character.