摘要:
The invention relates to a method for surface coating of apparatuses or parts of apparatuses used in chemical manufacturing. Walls of apparatuses, walls of containers and walls of reactors, dischargers, fixtures, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, dryers, comminuting machines, internal fittings and combinations are examples for said apparatuses or parts of apparatuses. The inventive method is characterised in that a metal layer or a metal polymer dispersion layer is currentlessly deposited on the apparatus/es or parts of apparatuses to be coated by contacting the parts to a metal electrolytic solution which contains a reduction means and optionally the dispersed polymer or polymer mixture in addition to the metal electrolyte, whereby at least one polymer is halogenated.
摘要:
The invention relates to a polymerization method for isobutene or mixtures of isobutene with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers under the conditions of a living cationic polymerization . According to the invention, the initiator system additionally comprises at least one non-polymerizable aprotic silicon-organic compound having at least one Si-O bond.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing homopolymers and copolymers of isobutene by the continuous cationic polymerization of isobutene or mixtures of isobutene with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers in the presence of an initiator system comprising: i) a Lewis acid selected among covalent metal-halogen compounds and covalent semimetal-halogen compounds; ii) at least one aprotic organic compound (I) having at least one functional group (FG) which, under polymerization conditions, forms a carbocation or a cationogenic complex with the Lewis acid, in an organic solvent that is inert to the Lewis acid. The inventive method is characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in a tubular continuous flow reactor that has a number of bends with an alternating bending direction.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for coating a reactor. Said method is characterised in that a metal layer or a metal polymer dispersion layer is deposited on the inner surface of the reactor in a currentless manner by contacting the surfaces to a metal electrolytic solution which contains a reduction means and a halogenated polymer in dispersed form in addition to the metal electrolyte. Said halogenated polymer can optionally be deposited.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger. Said method is characterised in that a metal polymer dispersion layer having a halogenated polymer is chemically deposited on a heat exchange surface in a currentless manner. The invention also relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger. Said method is characterised in that a metal phosphor layer having a thickness of 1 to 15 mu m is applied by currentless chemical deposition before the metal polymer dispersion layer is applied. The invention also relates to a heat exchanger which can be produced by an inventive method and to the utilisation of a coating which is produced by currentlessly, chemically depositing a metal polymer dispersion layer having a halogenated polymer in order to make the coated surfaces less likely to accumulate solid materials from fluids whereby deposits are formed.
摘要:
A process for producing leather using one or more reaction products of (a) triamines or higher amines with (b) at least one compound of the general formula (I) where R 1 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals having up to 5000 carbon atoms, unbranched or branched, saturated or having from one up to three C-C double bonds, and A 1 from groups capable of reaction with amines.
摘要:
Disclosed are solid pigment preparations containing (A) 60 to 95 per weight of at least one pigment, (B) 5 to 40 percent by weight of at least one water-soluble anionic surface-active additive from the group of the homopolymers and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and/or ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids which can additionally contain monopolymerized vinyl monomers having no acid function, the alkoxylation products of said homopolymers and copolymers, and the salts of said homopolymers and copolymers and the alkoxylation products thereof, and (C) 0 to 20 percent by weight of at least one nonionic surface-active polyether-based additive as essential components. Also disclosed are a method for the production thereof and methods for dyeing macromolecular organic and inorganic materials.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing leather, comprising at least two of the following method steps A) to D): A) using one or more polyelectrolytes during the production of semifinished or intermediate products, involving the addition of one or more polyelectrolytes in at least one of steps (a) to (d): (a) together with 0 to 1.5 % by weight of lime, with regard to the weight of salt, immediately before or in the lime pit; (b) before or during deliming; (c) before or during bating; (d) together with, in total, 0 to 3 % by weight of alkaline salt or alkaline earth salt, with regard to the pelt weight, immediately before or in the pickle solution; B) in the lime pit, treating the skins in an aqueous liquor with one or more compounds of general formula (B.1) or with their corresponding alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts or phosphonium salts, whereby variables R and X to X have the meanings as cited in the description, with the provision that at least two mercapto groups are contained in the compound or compounds B.1; C) using degreasing agents of general formula (C.1) for degreasing pelts, skins or other intermediate stages and semifinished products during the production of leather, whereby variables n and R to R have the meanings as cited in the description; D) tanning by using a tanning agent that can be produced by reacting at least one aldehyde of general formula (D.1) with at least one other identical or different aldehyde of formula (D.1) in the presence of an acid catalyst and, optionally, in the presence of at least one additional carbonyl compound of formula (D.2), whereby variables Z and R to R have the meanings as cited in the description, with the provision that, in the event Z corresponds to a chemical single bond or to a radical without alpha -hydrogen atoms, at least one additional aldehyde of formula (D.1), in which radical Z contains alpha -hydrogen atoms, or at least one additional carbonyl compound of formula (D.2) is present. The invention also relates to leather that is produced according to the inventive method.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for surface-coating apparatuses and parts of apparatuses for the construction of chemical installations, for example apparatus, container and reactor walls, discharging devices, fittings, pumps, filters, compressors, centrifuges, columns, heat exchangers, dryers, reducing machines, built-in parts, packing and mixing mechanisms. The method is characterised in that bumps with an average height of 100 nm to 50 mu m are produced on the surface to be coated, at average intervals of 100 nm to 100 mu m, before the surface is coated by currentlessly depositing a layer of metal or a layer of a metal-polymer-dispersion using a galvanisation bath containing a metal electrolyte, a reduction agent and optionally, a polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited, in dispersed form.