摘要:
A delivery apparatus (100) includes a volatile agent source (104), a controller, and an emanator material (106). The volatile agent source (104) stores a volume of a volatile agent such as a fragrance. The volatile agent source (104) includes an outlet (136) for delivery of the volatile agent from the volatile agent source (104). The controller controls a delivery rate of the volatile agent from the volatile agent source (104). The emanator material (106) is disposed at approximately the outlet (106) of the volatile agent source (104). The emanator material (106) absorbs at least a portion of the volatile agent and maintains the volatile agent until the volatile agent evaporates into an ambient environment.
摘要:
An air treatment device (100) includes a container (102) containing a mixture (104). The container (102) allows the mixture (104) to be selectively exposed to ambient air. In one embodiment, the mixture (104) contains at least the following: (1) a heat-generating material that generates heat when exposed to ambient air; and (2) a volatile substance in intimate contact with the heat-generating material and inert relative to the heat-generating material, wherein the volatile substance vaporizes in the presence of heat. In another embodiment, the mixture (104) contains at least the following: (1) a gas-generating material that produces gas when exposed to ambient air; and (2) a volatile substance in intimate contact with the gas-generating material and inert relative to the gas-generating material, wherein the volatile substance vaporizes in the presence of the generated gas. Corresponding methods are also disclosed herein.
摘要:
An apparatus for sterilizing and/or deodorizing objects is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, such an apparatus includes an ozone source (102) to provide ozone, and a hydrogen peroxide source (104) to provide hydrogen peroxide. A mixing element (106) intermixes the ozone and hydrogen peroxide to produce a mixture comprising oxidizing radicals. An applicator (116) applies the mixture to an object before the oxidizing radicals decompose. The oxidizing radicals in the mixture work to oxidize organic substances, thereby interrupting the life cycle of living organisms and/or destroying or neutralizing odors. In selected embodiments, the applicator (116) disperses the mixture into a closed environment, such as a substantially sealed room or enclosure, to sterilize and/or deodorize objects contained therein. A corresponding method is also disclosed herein.
摘要:
An electrolytic cell produces coupled radical products. The method involves obtaining a carboxylic acid material from biomass and converting it into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.
摘要:
A high-temperature, steam-selective membrane (100) for adding steam to or removing steam from various types of chemical reactions is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, such a membrane includes a polymer layer (102) exhibiting high selectivity to the transport of steam relative to other gas species. The polymer layer (102) is sandwiched between substantially rigid porous layers (104a and104b) that are steam permeable. The rigid porous layers substantially (104a and 104b) immobilize the polymer layer (102) and reduce the tendency of the polymer layer (102) to shrink and/or expand in response to changes in temperature or humidity. The rigid porous layers (104a and 104b) may also retain water to keep the polymer layer (102) moist. The physical support and moisture retention provided by the rigid porous layers (104a and 104b) enable the polymer layer (102) to operate in a temperature range of about 100°C to 500°C.
摘要:
An (10) apparatus and method for applying a beneficial agent (14b) to the skin is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including first and second chemical reactants (14a), each being compatible with the skin. The first and second chemical reactants (14a) react with one another to generate a (14b) beneficial agent (14b) and enhance the permeability of the skin (e.g., by generating heat). The beneficial agent (14b) may then be applied to the skin while the permeability of the skin is enhanced. In selected embodiments, the first chemical reactant (14a) includes one or more metals, or alloys thereof, that are compatible (i.e., not harmful) with the skin. Similarly, in selected embodiments, the second chemical reactant (14a) may include water. In certain embodiments, the beneficial agent generated by the first and second chemical reactants (14a) includes an antioxidant such as hydrogen.
摘要:
A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system (10) includes an on-board ammonia generation system (21) that produces nitrogen from air and hydrogen from a source of a hydrogen-containing compound, and generates an ammonia product from the nitrogen and hydrogen to provide the ammonia product into an exhaust from a NOx generator (15) to reduce the NOx in the exhaust. Oxygen from one or both of the nitrogen generator (24) and the hydrogen generation cell (27) can be supplied to the NOx generator (15) for cleaner combustion or to a particulate filter (18) for cleaning the filter. H2O from the NOx generator (15) can at least partially provide a water source for the hydrogen generation cell (27).
摘要:
A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system (10) includes an on-board ammonia generation system (21) that produces nitrogen from air and hydrogen from a source of a hydrogen-containing compound, and generates an ammonia product from the nitrogen and hydrogen to provide the ammonia product into an exhaust from a NO x generator (15) to reduce the NO x in the exhaust. Oxygen from one or both of the nitrogen generator (24) and the hydrogen generation cell (27) can be supplied to the NO x generator (15) for cleaner combustion or to a particulate filter (18) for cleaning the filter. H 2 O from the NO x generator (15) can at least partially provide a water source for the hydrogen generation cell (27).
摘要:
A nickel-metal hydride storage battery (50) comprising a positive electrode (52) containing nickel hydroxide, a negative electrode (54) containing a hydrogen absorbing alloy, an alkaline electrolyte, and an alkali conducting separator (56) provided between the positive electrode (52) and the negative electrode (54). The alkali conducting separator (56) may be a solid alkali metal ion super ion conducting material, wherein the alkali metal is Na, K, or Li.
摘要:
A nickel-metal hydride storage battery (50) comprising a positive electrode (52) containing nickel hydroxide, a negative electrode (54) containing a hydrogen absorbing alloy, an alkaline electrolyte, and an alkali conducting separator (56) provided between the positive electrode (52) and the negative electrode (54). The alkali conducting separator (56) may be a solid alkali metal ion super ion conducting material, wherein the alkali metal is Na, K, or Li.