Abstract:
In a method of hydrating a ceramic spray-coating layer of an electrostatic chuck, water penetrates into pores and/or cracks of the ceramic spray-coating layer, and the penetrated water then reacts with the ceramic spray-coating layer to form hydroxide in the pores and/or cracks. As a result, the electrical characteristics and hydrophobicity of the ceramic spray-coating layer may be improved.
Abstract:
An ion implanter includes a process chamber and a coating layer. The process chamber receives a substrate and provides a space to perform an ion implantation process on the substrate. The coating layer is disposed on an inner wall of the process chamber to reduce contamination of the substrate and includes the same material as that of the substrate.
Abstract:
In a method of hydrating a ceramic spray-coating layer of an electrostatic chuck, water penetrates into pores and/or cracks of the ceramic spray-coating layer, and the penetrated water then reacts with the ceramic spray-coating layer to form hydroxide in the pores and/or cracks. As a result, the electrical characteristics and hydrophobicity of the ceramic spray-coating layer may be improved.
Abstract:
The present invention provides Salmonella mutants which comprise an adhesin gene of bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli, and are transformed into attenuated Salmonella mutants wherein asd, lon and cpxR genes are deleted; and a vaccine composition for preventing and treating bovine Colibacillosis and Salmonellosis comprising the same. The Salmonella mutants of the present invention efficiently deliver an antigen derived from Escherichia coli into bovine mucosa lymphoid tissues and induce powerful mucosal immunity, and enable the production of the associated vaccine and mass innoculation. In addition, the Salmonella mutants of the present invention allow the innoculation cost and the side effects such as pain, inflammation or the like to be reduced. The production and storage of the Salmonella mutants of the present invention are easy and thus economical. Therefore, the Salmonella mutants of the present invention prevent infections by inducing immune responses against Salmonella and can be used as a polyvalent vaccine due to the inducement of immune responses against expressing exogenous antigens.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a vaccine composition including salmonella microorganism variants, the lon and cpxR genes of which are deleted from the DNA in the chromosomes thereof, for preventing fowl typhoid. The attenuated salmonella vaccine according to the present invention is a live vaccine rendering production and storage convenient and cost-effective. Being free of the risk of recurring pathogenicity, the vaccine is safe to administer to fowls. In addition, the protective strength of the vaccine against field strains is superior to that of conventional vaccines.
Abstract:
An ion implanter includes a process chamber and a coating layer. The process chamber receives a substrate and provides a space to perform an ion implantation process on the substrate. The coating layer is disposed on an inner wall of the process chamber to reduce contamination of the substrate and includes the same material as that of the substrate.
Abstract:
Provided are: a salmonella variant strain which comprises the adhesin gene from pathogenic pig Escherichia coli and in which the lon, cpxR and asd genes have been deleted; and a vaccine composition comprising the same, for preventing and treating pathogenic colibacillosis and salmonellosis in pigs. Also provided are: a production method for the salmonella variant strain; and a vaccination method for preventing or treating colibacillosis and salmonellosis in pigs, wherein the salmonella variant strain is prepared as a live or dead vaccine which is inoculated into a sow or piglet. The vaccine of the present invention can simultaneously defend against wild pathogenic Escherichia coli and salmonella bacteria since the various adhesin antigens which are expressed/secreted and the attenuated salmonella bacteria induce an immune response which is systemic and mucosal in the mucosae of the pig. Further, it has been confirmed that the vaccine of the present invention is safer and is far better in inducing an immune response and defending against pathogenic Escherichia coli than existing pathogenic pig Escherichia coli vaccines.
Abstract:
Provided are: a salmonella variant strain which comprises the adhesin gene from pathogenic pig Escherichia coli and in which the lon, cpxR and asd genes have been deleted; and a vaccine composition comprising the same, for preventing and treating pathogenic colibacillosis and salmonellosis in pigs. Also provided are: a production method for the salmonella variant strain; and a vaccination method for preventing or treating colibacillosis and salmonellosis in pigs, wherein the salmonella variant strain is prepared as a live or dead vaccine which is inoculated into a sow or piglet. The vaccine of the present invention can simultaneously defend against wild pathogenic Escherichia coli and salmonella bacteria since the various adhesin antigens which are expressed/secreted and the attenuated salmonella bacteria induce an immune response which is systemic and mucosal in the mucosae of the pig. Further, it has been confirmed that the vaccine of the present invention is safer and is far better in inducing an immune response and defending against pathogenic Escherichia coli than existing pathogenic pig Escherichia coli vaccines.
Abstract:
In a spray-coated body and apparatus and method of forming a spray-coating layer, the spray- coating layer is positioned on a surface of a object body and has a volume resistivity in a range of about 10 10 Ω-cm to about 10 14 Ω-cm. Accordingly, the spray-coating layer has an optimized volume resistivity and the chemical or plasma damage to the spray-coating layer may be minimized in the spray coating process, to thereby improve the characteristics of the spray- coating layer and the reliability of the spray coating process.