Abstract:
A fuel system for supplying pressurised fuel to a plurality of fuel injectors (14a-14f) comprises an accumulator assembly (16) having first and second accumulator volumes (18, 20) defined within a common accumulator housing (22), supply means (42) for supplying fuel at a supply pressure level to the first accumulator volume (18) and a plurality of unit pumps (10a-10f). Each unit pump is arranged to receive fuel at the supply pressure level from the first accumulator volume (18) and pressurises said fuel to an injectable pressure level for supply to the second accumulator volume (20). Each unit pump (10a-10f) includes a pumping plunger (50) for pressuring fuel within an associated pump chamber (52) and being integrated with the accumulator housing (22) so as to permit communication between the first accumulator volume (18) and the pump chamber (52) internally within the accumulator housing (22).
Abstract:
A fuel injection system for supplying pressurised fuel to a fuel injector (50), the fuel injection system comprising an accumulator volume (59) for supplying fuel at a first injectable pressure level (P1) to the fuel injector (50) through a fuel supply passage (52), pump means (63) for increasing the pressure of fuel supplied to the injector (50) to a second injectable pressure level (P2), and valve means (62, 162, 262, 362) operable between a first position in which fuel at the first injectable pressure level (P1) is supplied to the injector (50) and a second position in which communication between the injector (50) and the accumulator volume (59) is broken so as to permit fuel at the second injectable pressure (P2) to be supplied to the injector. The injection system may include valve means in the 15 form of a three-position valve (262) or may include a shut off valve (464; 1464) for controlling the supply of fuel through the fuel supply passage (52).
Abstract:
A toxicity monitoring apparatus comprising a light emitting diode for illuminating a sample, a first detector arranged to defect fluorescent light emitted by the sample, and a second detector arranged to detect light scattered by the sample, thereby allowing determination of the cell density of the sample and normalisation of the measured fluorescence.
Abstract:
A method for displaying text including the steps of providing a text, arranging the text into a plurality of word clusters, wherein at least one selected word cluster of the plurality of word clusters includes at least two lines of words and each line of words includes at least two words, and emphasizing at least one word in the selected word cluster.
Abstract:
Some embodiments relate to a fluid monitoring system, comprising: a housing positioned in-ground above a buried fluid conduit, the housing having a lockable access hatch to allow access to an internal volume of the housing from surface level; at least one sensor accessible through the internal volume and arranged to sense at least one condition of fluid in the fluid conduit; and a wireless telemetry unit supported in the housing and coupled to receive output signals from the at least one sensor in relation to the at least one condition. Some embodiments relate to methods usable by such systems. Some embodiments relate to fluid supply/drainage zone monitoring systems and methods employing multiple in-ground installations.
Abstract:
The number of output voltage levels available in PWM voltage source inverters can be increased by inserting a split-wound coupled inductor between the upper and lower switches in each inverter leg. Interleaved PWM control of both inverter leg switches produces 3-level PWM voltage waveforms at the centre tap of the coupled inductor winding, representing the inverter leg output terminal, with a PWM frequency twice the switching frequency. The winding leakage inductance is in series with the output terminal, with the main magnetizing inductance filtering the instantaneous PWM-cycle voltage differences between the upper and lower switches. Since PWM dead-time signal delays can be removed, higher device switching frequencies and higher fundamental output voltages are made possible. The proposed inverter topologies produce 5-level PWM voltage waveforms between two inverter leg terminals with a PWM frequency up to four times higher than the inverter switching frequency. This is achieved with half the number of switches used in known alternative schemes.
Abstract:
An accumulator fuel system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of engine cylinders, includes an accumulator fuel volume (12; 112) for supplying high pressure fuel to one or more of a plurality of injectors (10) of the fuel system, each of which is arranged to supply fuel to an associated one of the engine cylinders. he accumulator fuel volume (12; 112) is integrated within an engine component, where the engine component provides a purpose other than that solely of an accumulator volume for storing high pressure fuel. For example, the accumulator volume (12; 112) is defined in one embodiment within a rocker shaft (32) of the engine and in another embodiment within the engine cylinder head (16).
Abstract:
A fuel system for use in an internal combustion engine, particularly of the type provided with an after treatment device for reducing emissions levels, comprises a fuel pump (10) having a pumping cycle during which fuel is pressurized to a high level within a pumping chamber for delivery to an injector (14). The injector (14) is arranged to provide a primary fuel injection event, and a secondary fuel injection event within the same pumping cycle, in use. The injector (14) includes a valve needle (16) which is engageable with a valve needle seating to control fuel delivery through an injector (14) and injection control valve means for controlling movement of the valve needle (16) so as to control the primary and secondary fuel injection events. The primary injection event may be a main injection of fuel, and the secondary injection event may be a late-post injection of fuel for regeneration of the after treatment device. Engine having an after treatment device.
Abstract:
Embodiments relate generally to a pump control system for a pressure sewer installation. The system comprises a controller arranged to control supply of power to a pump of the pressure sewer installation. The controller is arranged to receive an output signal from a sensor in a fluid reservoir of the pressure sewer installation, the output signal being indicative of a measured fluid level in the fluid reservoir. A memory is accessible to the controller and is arranged to store operation information pertaining to operation of the pressure sewer installation. A wireless transceiver is in communication with the controller to allow the controller to communicate with a remote server over a communications network.
Abstract:
A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine operated by a liquefied gas fuel includes an isolation valve (60) that interrupts the fuel supply passage (2) supplying pressurised fuel, such as liquefied dimethyl ether, to the injector nozzle (22). A further isolation valve (60') may be included in a fuel outlet passage (50) of the injector. The isolation valves (60,60') are maintained in an open position by the fuel pressure in the injector when the pressure reaches a predetermined level, such as occurs when the engine is switched on, but close when the engine is switched off and the fuelpressure decays. The injector nozzle may therefore be isolated from the remainder of the fuel system when the engine is not running. To control injection timing, the injector may also include a statically leakless valve (102) in fluid communication with afluid outlet line (130) upstream of the further isolation valve (60') and isolated from the fuel supply passage, thereby reducing the risk of stem leakage.