Abstract:
A turbidimeter standard ampule is described, including: a main part (202) composed of glass and containing therein a formazin solution comprising a formazine polymer diluted in a solvent; the main part including a lens positioned in a bottom edge thereof and permitting entry of light from a turbidimeter, the main part having glass sides and permitting redirected light to exit the glass sides for detection by a photodetector of the turbidimeter; an upper part (201) composed of glass and being attached to the main part; and an opaque cap (205) on the upper part, the opaque cap blocking light from entering the upper part of the ampule.
Abstract:
A nephelometer for determining the turbidity of a body of fluid in which a light beam is directed as an angled beam through the body and two light detectors measure the intensity of light scatter at two points in the beam. The two measurements are divided and scaled, and then the result is logarithmically amplified and displayed as the turbidity.
Abstract:
A system for analyzing fluid includes a housing having first and second opposing surfaces spaced to form a fluid chamber, a light source disposed to direct light at the first surface of the housing; and a digital imaging circuit disposed to detect light at the second surface of the housing. The digital imaging circuit includes a pixel array configured to capture one or more digital images of an illuminated fluid. The system also includes a processor configured to: capture multiple digital images of the fluid at different camera exposure levels, calculate a net radiant energy value at a plurality of different integration times within at least two images, calculate a slope of the net radiant energy value with respect to integration time in a selected image, and determine size distribution and volume fraction of particles within the fluid based on the calculated slope.
Abstract:
An optical sensor can include first and second optical emitters configured to emit light into a fluid sample via an optical pathway. Light from the emitters can cause fluorescence from the sample and/or scatter off of the sample. Scattered and fluoresced light can be received by an optical detector in the sensor via the optical pathway, and used to determine at least one characteristic of the fluid sample. A second optical detector can provide reference measurements of the amount of light emitted to the sample. The second optical emitter and second optical detector can be included in an optical emitter assembly removably disposed in the optical pathway of the optical sensor such that the second optical emitter emits light into the optical pathway toward a fluid sample.
Abstract:
A system for measuring a sample comprising: an integrating sphere light collector (12) for collecting light and containing the sample; a light source (24) for introducing light in the integrating sphere light collector (12), wherein the light source (24) is operable to output light with a known modulation, preferably by using a signal generator (26); a detector (22) for detecting scattered light in the integrating sphere light collector (12) and generating a signal indicative of the scattered light, and a lock-in amplifier (28) operable use the known light modulation and the signal generated by the detector (22) to provide an output for analysis.
Abstract:
Sensor arrangements utilize at least one light source and at least one detector, arranged to form a detection angle of between about ±10° and about ±75° for measuring single and multiple scattering from solids in materials of interest. The light intensity measured is compared to a calibration curve for the materials of interest for determining solids content in a range from about 0% to about 100%. Hybrid embodiments use weak gamma sources and appropriate detectors for determining density which is related to solids content for in situ calibration, replacing the calibration curves from the materials of interest. Embodiments are designed for immersion within the materials of interest or for mounting externally to transparent windows in process apparatus for monitoring dynamic changes in solids content and can be applied to a variety of environments, including high gravitational force environments.
Abstract:
A nephelometer (590) that measures turbidity of low volume suspensions using measurements of light transmitted through and/or scattered by the sample. The sample suspension is placed in a tiered cuvette (500) adapted to facilitate measuring the turbidity of low volume samples. The lower portion (540) of the cuvette (500) has smaller dimensions, in horizontal cross section, than the top portion. Both lower and upper portions have angled surfaces. The lower, smaller portion of the cuvette (500) is interrogated by the nephelometer (590).
Abstract:
Methods of ranking formation stabilizer performance are described. The methods include obtaining drill cuttings from a subterranean formation, grinding and sieving the drill cuttings to a particle size larger than 200 mesh, adding a formation stabilizer solution to the ground and sieved drill cuttings to form a mixture, agitating the mixture, and measuring turbidity of the agitated mixture.
Abstract:
Various turbidimeters are described that can detect light directly in a substantially circular, e.g., encompassing, manner such that an increased amount of scattered light from a sample vial may be detected by a light detector, e.g., a photodiode or photodiode array. In an embodiment, a substantially circular photodiode array is provided to directly detect scattered light in an arc about the sample vial. In other embodiments, light guides are provided in an arc element that guides light to a detector or detectors. Other aspects are described and claimed.