Abstract:
A fuel system comprising a liquid fuel tank, an engine, and a coalescing filter adapted to separate water from fuel, the filter having an inlet fluidically connected to the fuel tank, a first outlet fluidically connected to a fuel feed system for the engine, and a second outlet fluidically connected to the fuel tank, wherein the coalescing filter is adapted to discharge fuel filtrate from the second outlet and filtrand from the first outlet. Also, a method of removing water or ice from a fuel tank, the method comprising directing a flow of fuel from a fuel tank to a coalescing filter adapted to separate water from fuel, discharging filtrand from a first outlet of the coalescing filter to a fuel feed system for consumption by an engine, and discharging fuel filtrate from a second outlet of the coalescing filter and returning the fuel filtrate to the fuel tank.
Abstract:
A tank assembly with a tank (8) for storing liquid hydrocarbon, the tank (8) having a floor (16) for supporting a weight of the liquid hydrocarbon (18). A filter (20) is fitted to the floor (16) of the tank (8). The filter (20) is arranged to allow liquid water in the tank (8) to drain out of the tank (8) through the filter (20) but substantially prevent the liquid hydrocarbon (18) in the tank (8) from doing so. The filter (20) has a permeation member (22), such as a membrane, which is formed from a material such as graphene oxide which allows liquid water in the tank (8) to drain out of the tank (8) by permeating through the permeation member (22) but substantially prevent the liquid hydrocarbon (18) in the tank (8) from doing so.
Abstract:
An aircraft fuel tank system comprising an aircraft fuel tank and a time domain reflectometry (TDR) fuel gauge for measuring a filling level of fuel in the aircraft fuel tank (1, 2). The TDR fuel gauge comprises an electromagnetic signal generator (30) and a cable (20, 22), the cable comprising a first cable part (20) and a second cable part (22) which are coupled in series to the signal generator. The first cable part extends downwardly within the fuel tank and the second cable part extends upwardly within the fuel tank. The first and second cable parts are arranged such that for at least one filling level the first cable part extends down into the fuel from an ullage space at a first location and the second cable part extends up out of the fuel into an ullage space at a second location which is spaced apart from the first location.
Abstract:
An aircraft fuel tank ventilation system comprising a dehumidifying device (17) disposed in flow communication between a vent (15) open to the atmosphere and a fuel tank (4,5). Also, a method of dehumidifying air introduced into an aircraft fuel tank via a ventilation system, the method comprising directing atmospheric air through a dehumidifying device disposed in flow communication between a vent of the ventilation system and the fuel tank, which removes water vapour from the air flowing from the vent towards the fuel tank. Also, a method of regenerating a desiccant medium (22) used to dehumidify air introduced into an aircraft fuel tank via a ventilation system, the method comprising directing air through the desiccant medium so as to dry the desiccant medium. By effectively removing water from air entering the aircraft fuel tank, the content of water in the fuel tank can be kept low, which improves fuel system component reliability, reduces maintenance activities, and reduces microbiological contamination.
Abstract:
An aircraft fuel system, comprising: a fuel tank (1), a fuel line (4), and an engine (5), the fuel line (4) includes a first conduit (41) configured to carry fuel from the tank (1) towards the engine (5), and a second conduit (42) configured to carry fuel from the engine (5) towards the tank (1), one of the first conduit (41) or the second conduit (42) is disposed annularly around the other of the first conduit (41) or the second conduit (42). A method of operating the system is also disclosed. The system may be used to suppress ice formation in the first conduit and/or provide leakage detection.
Abstract:
A fuel system comprising a fuel tank (1), a vent tank (3) having a duct open to the ambient atmosphere, a first vent line (4, 5) fluidically connecting the fuel tank ullage to the vent tank (3), a gas drying system (8) including a pump (9) and a dehumidifying device (20) disposed within the vent tank, and a second vent line (13,14) fluidically connecting a dry gas outlet (12) of the dehumidifying device (20) to the ullage, wherein the pump (9) is operable to maintain a higher pressure within the ullage than in the vent tank (3) so as to drive vapour rich gas from the ullage into the vent tank via the first vent line (4,5). Also, a method of operating the fuel system and a method of retro - fitting the gas drying system in an existing fuel system. The gas drying system may optionally be a gas drying/inerting system.
Abstract:
The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbons containing cyclic ortho esters as dehydrating dehydrating icing inhibitors and to methods of using the compounds. The liquid hydrocarbons include fuels such aviation fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and hydrocarbon solvents.
Abstract:
A method of conditioning oxygen depleted air (ODA) exhausted from a fuel cell comprising the steps of; taking fuel from an aircraft fuel tank collector cell, delivering said fuel to a rear mounted engine via a primary heat exchanger, taking exhaust ODA from a fuel cell, passing the ODA through the primary heat exchanger in the opposite direction to the fuel, such that the fuel acts as a heat sink for the ODA, to cool the ODA, passing the ODA through a dryer, to dry the ODA and using the cooled, dried ODA to inert fuel in the aircraft fuel tank.
Abstract:
An aircraft fuel tank ventilation system, comprising a refrigerative dehumidifying device (17) having a refrigerating element (21) in contact with air flowing between a vent (15) open to the atmosphere and a fuel tank (4, 5). Also, a method of dehumidifying air introduced into an aircraft fuel tank via the ventilation system, the method comprising directing atmospheric air from the vent into contact with the refrigerating element, and cooling the refrigerating element so as to remove water vapour from the air flowing from the vent towards the fuel tank by condensation.