公开(公告)号：WO1996025678A1

公开(公告)日：1996-08-22

申请号：PCT/US1996001025

申请日：1996-01-30

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  FERM, Paul, Michael

IPC: G02B06/08

CPC classification number: G02B27/0994 ,  G02B6/0281 ,  G02B6/03611 ,  G02B6/1221 ,  G02B6/1228 ,  G02B6/13 ,  G02B2006/12095 ,  G02B2006/12173 ,  G02B2006/12195 ,  Y10S385/901

Abstract: An optical tapered waveguide for use in optical arrays is described which contains at least one inclusive structure. The inclusion may possess an abrupt refractive index interface within the body of the tapered optical waveguide or it may consist of a graded refractive index region within the tapered optical waveguide. The tapered waveguide propagates light rays via total internal reflection from the sidewalls of a tapered optical waveguide. The different refractive index of the inclusion also acts to alter the direction of the light rays passing through the waveguide. The tapered waveguide is advantageously useful in an array of waveguides for use in display devices, such as for example projection display devices, off screen display devices, and direct view displays. Such displays are used in a wide range of applications including computer terminals, airplane cockpit displays, automotive instrument panels, televisions, and other devices that provide text, grapics, or video information.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于光学阵列的光学锥形波导，其包含至少一个包含的结构。 夹杂物可以在锥形光波导的主体内具有突然的折射率界面，或者其可以由锥形光波导内的渐变折射率区域组成。 锥形波导从锥形光波导的侧壁经由全内反射传播光线。 夹杂物的不同折射率也用于改变通过波导的光线的方向。 锥形波导有利地用于用于显示装置的波导阵列，例如投影显示装置，屏幕外显示装置和直视图显示器。 这种显示器用于广泛的应用，包括计算机终端，飞机驾驶舱显示器，汽车仪表板，电视机以及提供文字，图形或视频信息的其它设备。

公开(公告)号：WO1995012782A1

公开(公告)日：1995-05-11

申请号：PCT/US1994012650

申请日：1994-11-02

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  FERM, Paul, Michael

IPC: F21V08/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/0053 ,  F21V5/02 ,  F21Y2103/00

Abstract: An improved backlighting apparatus comprising a slab waveguide (6) that accepts light rays generated by a light source (4) and transmits the light rays via total internal reflection. Attached on one face of the slab waveguide is an array of microprisms (28), with each microprism (28) having a light input surface (30) parallel to a light output surface (32) and at least one sidewall (33) tilted at an angle from the direction normal to the surface of the waveguide (6) such that light rays escape from the slab waveguide (6), reflect off the tilted sidewall (33) and emerge from the microprism (28) as a light source substantially perpendicular to the light output surface (32). An array of microlenses may be positioned to accept the output of the microprisms so that the light exiting from the microlenses is substantially more perpendicular. The backlight apparatus is advantageously used as a backlighting means for flat panel electronic displays.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的背光装置，包括接受由光源（4）产生的光线并通过全内反射透射光线的平板波导（6）。 平板波导的一个面上附着有微棱镜阵列（28），每个微棱镜（28）具有平行于光输出表面（32）的光输入表面（30）和至少一个侧壁 从垂直于波导（6）的表面的方向的角度使得光线从平板波导（6）逸出，从倾斜的侧壁（33）反射并从微棱镜（28）出射，作为基本垂直的光源 到光输出表面（32）。 微透镜阵列可以被定位成接受微棱镜的输出，使得从微透镜出射的光基本上更垂直。 背光装置有利地用作平板电子显示器的背光装置。

公开(公告)号：WO1996021122A1

公开(公告)日：1996-07-11

申请号：PCT/US1995016508

申请日：1995-12-19

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  STEINER, Ivan, Bernard ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore

IPC: F21V08/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/0053 ,  F21V5/02 ,  F21Y2103/00 ,  Y10S385/901

Abstract: An optical illumination system (2) comprising a waveguide (16) that accepts light generated by a diffuse light source (14) and transmits the light via total internal reflection. Attached on one surface of the waveguide (16) is a low index of refraction layer (27) and an array of microprisms (28), with each microprism (28) having a light input surface (30) and at least one sidewall tilted at an angle from the direction normal to the surface of the waveguide (16) such that light escapes from the waveguide (16), reflects off the tilted sidewalls (33) and emerges from the microprism (28) as a spartially-directed light source. The low index of reflection layer (27) prevents low angle light from entering the microprisms (28). An array of microlenses may be positioned to accept the output of the microprisms (28) so that the light existing from the microlenses is a substantially collimated light source. The optical illumination system (2) is advantageous for any application that requires a non diffuse or substantially collimated that is both energy efficient and contained in a low profile assembly.

Abstract translation: 一种光学照明系统（2），包括：波导（16），其接收由漫射光源（14）产生的光，并通过全内反射透射光。 附着在波导（16）的一个表面上的是低折射率层（27）和微棱镜阵列（28），每个微棱镜（28）具有光输入表面（30）和至少一个侧壁 从垂直于波导（16）的表面的方向的角度，使得从波导（16）逸出的光从倾斜的侧壁（33）反射并从微棱镜（28）作为短距离光源出射。 反射层（27）的低折射率防止低角度光进入微棱镜（28）。 微透镜阵列可以被定位成接受微棱镜（28）的输出，使得从微透镜存在的光是基本准直的光源。 光学照明系统（2）对于需要非扩散或基本准直的任何应用是有利的，其既能量效率又包含在低轮廓组件中。

公开(公告)号：WO1995001579A2

公开(公告)日：1995-01-12

申请号：PCT/US1994007368

申请日：1994-06-30

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  WU, Chengjiu ,  MCFARLAND, Michael, James ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne

IPC: G02B01/04

CPC classification number: G02B6/138 ,  G02B1/045 ,  G02B6/1221 ,  G02B6/13 ,  C08L33/06

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition for use in forming a photopolymer composition for use in forming the light transmissive regions of light transmissive devices, and such devices.

Abstract translation: 用于形成用于形成透光装置的透光区域的光聚合物组合物的光聚合组合物和这种装置。

公开(公告)号：WO1996011358A1

公开(公告)日：1996-04-18

申请号：PCT/US1995014272

申请日：1995-10-10

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  HOU, Janpu ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne

IPC: F21V08/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/0053 ,  F21V5/02

Abstract: An optical illumination system comprising a waveguide (16) that accepts light generated by a light source and transmits the light via total internal reflection. Attached on one face of the waveguide is an array of microprisms (28), with each microprism having a light input surface, a light output surface and at least one sidewall (33a) which is tilted at an angle rho from the direction normal to the surface of the waveguide (16) and further comprising at least two planar faces (31, 31a) such that light escapes from the waveguide (16), reflects off the tilted sidewalls (33a) and emerges from the microprism as a spatially directed light source. An array of microlenses may be positioned to accept the output of the microprisms (28) so that the light exiting from the microlenses is a substantially collimated light source. The optical illumination system is advantageous for any application that requires a non diffuse or substantially collimated light source that is both energy efficient and contained in a low profile assembly.

Abstract translation: 一种光学照明系统，包括：波导（16），其接收由光源产生的光并通过全内反射透射光。 附着在波导的一个面上的是微棱镜阵列（28），每个微棱镜具有光输入表面，光输出表面和至少一个侧壁（33a），该侧壁（33a）以垂直于 波导（16）的表面，并且还包括至少两个平面（31,31a），使得从波导（16）逸出的光从倾斜的侧壁（33a）反射并从微棱镜出射，作为空间定向的光源 。 微透镜阵列可以被定位成接受微棱镜（28）的输出，使得从微透镜出射的光是基本准直的光源。 光学照明系统对于需要能量有效并且包含在低轮廓组件中的非扩散或基本上准直的光源的任何应用是有利的。

公开(公告)号：WO1995014255A1

公开(公告)日：1995-05-26

申请号：PCT/US1994011894

申请日：1994-10-18

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  FERM, Paul, Michael

IPC: G02F01/1335

CPC classification number: G02F1/133606 ,  G02F1/133524 ,  G02F2001/133607

Abstract: An improved backlight assembly (2) comprising an array of apertures (8) in close proximity to a light source (6), an array of tapered optical elements (10) that have a light input surface area smaller than the light output surface area. Light rays pass through the apertures and are directed to the optical elements which transmit the light rays via internal reflection to provide a partially collimated light source. The light rays then pass through an array of microlenses (12) that transmit the light rays via refraction and provide a substantially more collimated light source for the display elements of a display (16). The backlight assembly is advantageously used as a backlighting means for electro-optical displays, especially those designed for military and avionics applications.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的背光组件（2），包括靠近光源（6）的孔阵列（8），具有比光输出表面积小的光输入表面积的锥形光学元件阵列（10）。 光线穿过孔并且被引导到通过内部反射透射光线的光学元件以提供部分准直的光源。 然后，光线通过经由折射而透射光线的微透镜阵列（12），并为显示器（16）的显示元件提供基本上更准直的光源。 背光组件有利地用作电光显示器的背光装置，特别是用于军事和航空电子应用的那些。

公开(公告)号：WO1995006270A1

公开(公告)日：1995-03-02

申请号：PCT/US1994009050

申请日：1994-08-10

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  McFARLAND, Michael, James ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne

IPC: G02B06/30

CPC classification number: G02B6/138 ,  G02B6/30 ,  G02B6/3652 ,  G02B6/3684

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical coupling device for facilitating the coupling of an optical fiber to an optical waveguide and to a method for fabricating such coupling device. An optical coupling device comprising: a substrate (20) having a surface region at a predetermined position on a surface of said substrate for placement of an optical waveguide; and a channel (121) on the surface of said substrate for optically aligning and coupling an optical fiber (32) having a diameter (d1) dimension d1 and an optical waveguide positioned at said predetermined position, wherein the longitudinal axis of said channel is in alignment with said predetermined position such that on placement of said optical fiber in said channel and placement of said optical waveguide in said position the light carrying core of said fiber and said waveguide are in optical alignment or substantially in optical alignment, said channel having sidewalls (16, 18) and a floor (24) wherein the separation of said sidewalls at a cross-sectional depth dimension d2 in the direction normal to said floor has a width W1 and the separation of said sidewalls adjacent to said floor has a width W2, wherein W1, W2, d1 and d2 are selected such that: (a) W2 is greater that W1; (b) d2 is greater than 1/2 d1; and (c) d1 is greater than W1 and is equal to or less than W2, wherein on placement of said optical fiber in said channel the force required to displace said optical fiber from said channel is equal to or greater than about 0.01 Newton (N), as determined by the "retaining force test"). Preferred materials for use in the fabrication of substrate (20) include printed circuit board material, polymers, quartz, glass, fused silica, semiconductor wafers and inorganic crystals.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于促进光纤耦合到光波导的光耦合装置及其制造方法。 一种光耦合装置，包括：衬底（20），其具有在所述衬底的表面上的预定位置处的表面区域，用于放置光波导; 以及在所述基板的表面上的用于光学对准和耦合具有直径（d1）尺寸d1的光纤（32）和位于所述预定位置处的光波导的通道（121），其中所述通道的纵向轴线在 与所述预定位置对准，使得在将所述光纤放置在所述通道中并且将所述光波导放置在所述位置中时，所述光纤和所述波导的所述光承载芯是光学对准的或基本上在光学对准中，所述通道具有侧壁 16，18）和地板（24），其中所述侧壁在垂直于所述底板的方向上以横截面深度尺寸d2分离，具有宽度W1，并且与所述底板相邻的所述侧壁的间隔具有宽度W2， 其中W1，W2，d1和d2被选择为：（a）W2大于W1; （b）d2大于1/2 d1; 和（c）d1大于W1并且等于或小于W2，其中在将所述光纤放置在所述通道中时，将所述光纤从所述通道移位所需的力等于或大于约0.01牛顿 ），由“保持力测试”确定）。 用于制造衬底（20）的优选材料包括印刷电路板材料，聚合物，石英，玻璃，熔融石英，半导体晶片和无机晶体。

公开(公告)号：WO1995031672A1

公开(公告)日：1995-11-23

申请号：PCT/US1995004285

申请日：1995-04-07

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  HOU, Janpu ,  SCHWEYEN, John, Charles

IPC: F21V08/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/0053 ,  F21V5/02 ,  F21Y2103/00

Abstract: An optical illumination system comprising a waveguide (16) that accepts light generated by a diffuse light source (14) and transmits the light via total internal reflection. Attached on one face of the waveguide is an array of microprisms (90), with each microprism (90) having a light input surface (92) parallel to a light output surface (94) and at least two sidewalls (96, 98) tilted at an angle from the direction normal to the surface of the waveguide (16) such that light escapes from the waveguide, reflects off the tilted sidewalls (96, 98) and emerges from the microprism (90) as a spatially directed light source. An array of microlenses (80) may be positioned to accept the output of the microprisms (90) so that the light exiting from the microlenses (80) is a substantially collimated light source. The optical illumination system is advantageous for any application that requires a non diffuse or substantially collimated that is both energy efficient and contained in a low profile assembly.

Abstract translation: 一种光学照明系统，包括：波导（16），其接收由漫射光源（14）产生的光并通过全内反射透射光。 连接在波导的一个面上的是微棱镜阵列（90），每个微棱镜（90）具有平行于光输出表面（94）的光输入表面（92），并且至少两个侧壁（96,98）倾斜 与垂直于波导（16）表面的方向成一定角度，使得从波导中逸出的光从倾斜的侧壁（96,98）反射并作为空间定向的光源从微棱镜（90）出射。 可以将微透镜阵列（80）定位成接受微棱镜（90）的输出，使得从微透镜（80）射出的光是基本准直的光源。 光学照明系统对于需要非扩散或基本准直的任何应用都是有利的，其既能量效率又包含在低轮廓组件中。

公开(公告)号：WO1995013567A1

公开(公告)日：1995-05-18

申请号：PCT/US1994011913

申请日：1994-10-18

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  FERM, Paul, Michael ,  MCFARLAND, Michael, James

IPC: G03F07/00

CPC classification number: G02B6/1221 ,  B29D11/00663 ,  G02B5/045 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B2006/12195 ,  G03B21/625 ,  G03F7/00

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for making an array of tapered photopolymerized waveguides. The tapered waveguides are useful as a display means in direct view devices and projection display devices. In step (a), a photomask is placed in substantial contact with a substrate wherein the photomask has opaque and transparent regions. In step (b), a substantially uniform thickness of photopolymerizable mixture is placed on the substrate so that the substrate is positioned between the photopolymerizable mixture and the photomask wherein (i) the photopolymerizable mixture comprises at least one reactive monomer and photoinitiator and (ii) the photoinitiator is present in an amount sufficent to form a gradient of substantially collimated actinic radiation across the thickness of the photopolymerizable mixture during subsequent step (c). In step (c), while maintaining the photopolymerizable mixture and substrate in a substantially fixed plane relative to the substantially collimated actinic radiation, the photopolymerisable mixture is exposed through the transparent regions of the photomask to the substantially collimated actinic radiation for a time sufficent to form an array of tapered photopolymerized waveguides wherein (i) the tapered end of each of the waveguides extends outward from the substrate, (ii) each of the waveguides has a light input surface adjacent the substrate and a light output surface distal from the light input surface, and (iii) the area of the light input surface of each of the waveguides is greater than the area of its light output surface. In step (d), the photomask and photopolymerizable mixture which was not substantially polymerized by the substantially collimated actinic radiation during step (c) are removed from the substrate.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种制造锥形光聚合波导阵列的方法。 锥形波导可用作直视设备和投影显示设备中的显示装置。 在步骤（a）中，将光掩模放置成与基底基本接触，其中光掩模具有不透明区域和透明区域。 在步骤（b）中，将基本上均匀的可光聚合的厚度的厚度放置在基底上，使得基底位于可光聚合的混合物和光掩模之间，其中（i）可光聚合的混合物包含至少一种反应性单体和光引发剂，和（ii） 在随后的步骤（c）期间，光引发剂的量足以形成穿过可光聚合混合物的厚度的基本准直的光化辐射的梯度。 在步骤（c）中，在将可光聚合的混合物和基材保持在相对于基本上准直的光化辐射的基本上固定的平面中的同时，可光聚合混合物通过光掩模的透明区域暴露于基本准直的光化辐射一段时间以形成 锥形光聚合波导阵列，其中（i）每个波导的锥形端从衬底向外延伸，（ii）每个波导具有邻近衬底的光输入表面和远离光输入表面的光输出表面 ，和（iii）每个波导的光输入表面的面积大于其光输出表面的面积。 在步骤（d）中，在步骤（c）中基本上准直的光化辐射基本上不聚合的光掩模和可光聚合的混合物从基材中除去。

公开(公告)号：WO1995001584A1

公开(公告)日：1995-01-12

申请号：PCT/US1994007369

申请日：1994-06-30

Applicant: ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.

Inventor： ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. ,  ZIMMERMAN, Scott, Moore ,  BEESON, Karl, Wayne ,  MCFARLAND, Michael, James ,  YARDLEY, James, Thomas ,  FERM, Paul, Michael

IPC: G02F01/1335

CPC classification number: G02F1/133524

Abstract: A direct view display (10) comprising: (a) light generating means (12) for generating light; (b) modulating means (18) for modulating light from said light generating means to form an image; and (c) image display means (22) for displaying said image from said modulating means positioned adjacent to the light output surface of said modulating means, said display means comprising an array of tapered optical waveguides (28) on a planar substrate the tapered end of each of said waveguides extending outward from said substrate and having a light input surface adjacent said substrate and a light output surface distal from light input surface, wherein: (i) the area of the light input surface of each waveguide is greater than the area of its light ouptut surface, and the center-to-center distance between the light input surfaces of adjacent waveguides in said array is equal to the center-to-center distance between the light output surfaces thereof, so that the angular distribution of light emerging from the output surfaces of the waveguides is larger than the angular distribution of light entering the waveguides; and (ii) the waveguides in said array are separated by interstitial regions (33) with a lower refractive index than the refractive index of said waveguides.

Abstract translation: 一种直视图（10），包括：（a）用于产生光的发光装置; （b）用于调制来自所述光产生装置的光以形成图像的调制装置（18） 和（c）图像显示装置（22），用于显示来自与所述调制装置的光输出表面相邻的所述调制装置的所述图像，所述显示装置包括在平面基板上的锥形光波导阵列（28），锥形端 其中：（i）每个波导的光输入表面的面积大于所述光波导的面积，所述光输入表面的面积大于所述基板的面积 的光发射表面，并且所述阵列中相邻波导的光输入表面之间的中心到中心距离等于其光输出表面之间的中心到中心距离，使得光出射的角分布 从波导的输出表面大于进入波导的光的角分布; 和（ii）所述阵列中的波导通过具有比所述波导的折射率低的折射率的间隙区域（33）分开。