摘要:
Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to membranes for filtration, methods of manufacturing the same, and membrane modules incorporating the same. In an embodiment, a membrane is disclosed. The membrane includes a porous cellulose layer, a polyamide thin film layer bonded to the porous cellulose layer, and a fabric support layer that supports the porous cellulose layer and the polyamide thin film layer. The porous cellulose layer has a pore size of about 30 nm to about 500 nm at an exposed surface of the porous cellulose layer.
摘要:
Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to methods and systems of concentrating effluent, removing nitrogen from an effluent, and producing fertilizer from an effluent. In an embodiment, the effluent is a digestate, such as from a biomass digester. In an embodiment, the digestate is concentrated and nitrogen is removed by performing forward osmosis using a draw solution and the digestate as a feed solution. The draw solution is subjected to reverse osmosis to produce an ammonium salt fertilizer. Phosphorus in the effluent may be precipitated as a struvite fertilizer.
摘要:
Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to methods and systems of concentrating effluent, removing nitrogen from an effluent, and producing fertilizer from an effluent. In an embodiment, the effluent is a digestate, such as from a biomass digester. In an embodiment, the digestate is concentrated and nitrogen is removed by performing forward osmosis using a draw solution and the digestate as a feed solution. The draw solution is subjected to reverse osmosis to produce an ammonium salt fertilizer. Phosphorus in the effluent may be precipitated as a struvite fertilizer.
摘要:
Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to methods and systems for treating wastewater via forward osmosis. By way of example, the methods and systems disclosed herein may be used to filter one or more precipitated salts and/or other particles from wastewater generated by power plants such as flue gas wastewater, oil and gas wastewater, and other industrial processes. For example, the methods and systems disclosed herein may be used to filter one or more precipitated salts from a wastewater feed concentrate formed during the forward osmosis process that is recirculated through at least one membrane module to continue the forward osmosis process. Filtering the one or more precipitated salts from the wastewater feed concentrate helps limit clogging of open channel feed spacer(s) of the at least one membrane module.
摘要:
Embodiments described herein are directed to methods of manufacturing a multi- leaf membrane module for filtering product fluid flow (e.g., food products or wastewater) and such multi-leaf membrane modules. In an embodiment, a multi-leaf membrane module is disclosed. The multi-leaf membrane module includes a permeate fluid flow tube defining a permeate fluid flow channel for permeate, and a membrane sheet spirally wound about the permeate fluid flow tube. The membrane sheet includes two or more leaves. Each of the two or more leaves includes a feed spacer including at least one opening formed therein that at least partially defines a feed channel for product fluid flow therethrough and a permeate structure defining a permeate fluid flow channel. The permeate structure of each of the two or more leaves includes at least one membrane and at least one porous permeate spacer.