公开(公告)号：WO2014127134A1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-21

申请号：PCT/US2014/016272

申请日：2014-02-13

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： LAWSON, Matthew ,  RASKAR, Ramesh

IPC: A61B3/12 ,  A61B3/14 ,  A61B3/15

CPC classification number: A61B3/12 ,  A61B3/14

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, this invention comprises apparatus for retinal self- imaging. Visual stimuli help the user self-align his eye with a camera. Bi-ocular coupling induces the test eye to rotate into different positions. As the test eye rotates, a video is captured of different areas of the retina. Computational photography methods process this video into a mosaiced image of a large area of the retina. An LED is pressed against the skin near the eye, to provide indirect, diffuse illumination of the retina. The camera has a wide field of view, and can image part of the retina even when the eye is off-axis (when the eye's pupillary axis and camera's optical axis are not aligned). Alternately, the retina is illuminated directly through the pupil, and different parts of a large lens are used to image different parts of the retina. Alternately, a plenoptic camera is used for retinal imaging.

Abstract translation: 在示例性实施方案中，本发明包括用于视网膜自体成像的装置。 视觉刺激帮助用户用相机自行调整眼睛。 双眼耦合引起测试眼旋转到不同的位置。 当测试眼旋转时，捕获视网膜的不同区域的视频。 计算摄影方法将该视频处理成视网膜大面积的马赛克图像。 LED被压在眼睛附近的皮肤上，以提供视网膜的间接的漫射照明。 相机具有宽视野，即使眼睛离轴（眼睛的瞳孔轴和相机的光轴未对齐），也可以对视网膜的一部分进行成像。 或者，视网膜直接通过瞳孔照射，并且使用大透镜的不同部分来对视网膜的不同部分进行成像。 或者，全视相机用于视网膜成像。

公开(公告)号：WO2016069959A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-06

申请号：PCT/US2015/058169

申请日：2015-10-29

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  THE GENERAL HOSPITAL CORPORATION

Inventor： KADAMBI, Achuta ,  RASKAR, Ramesh ,  GUPTA, Rajiv ,  PAN, Adam

IPC: G01N23/083

CPC classification number: G01N23/083 ,  G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/04 ,  G01N2223/1016 ,  G01N2223/304 ,  G01N2223/419 ,  G01T1/248 ,  G21K1/043 ,  H01J35/065 ,  H01J35/14

Abstract: For each X-ray path through a tissue, numerous trials are conducted. In each trial, X-ray photons are emitted along the path until a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode "clicks". A temporal average - i.e., the average amount of time elapsed before a "click" occurs - is calculated. This temporal average is, in turn, used to estimate a causal intensity of X-ray light that passes through the tissue along the path and reaches the diode. Based on the causal intensities for multiple paths, a computer generates computed tomography (CT) images or 2D digital radiographic images. The causal intensities used to create the images are estimated from temporal statistics, and not from conventional measurements of intensity at a pixel. X-ray dosage needed for imaging is dramatically reduced as follows: a "click" of the photodiode triggers negative feedback that causes the system to halt irradiation of the tissue along a path, until the next trial begins.

Abstract translation: 对于通过组织的每个X射线路径，进行了许多试验。 在每次试验中，X射线光子沿路径发射，直到盖革模式雪崩光电二极管“点击”。 计算时间平均值，即在“点击”出现之前经过的平均时间量。 这个时间平均值又被用来估计沿路径穿过组织并到达二极管的X射线光的因果强度。 基于多路径的因果强度，计算机生成计算机断层摄影（CT）图像或2D数字放射照相图像。 用于创建图像的因果强度是从时间统计估计的，而不是来自像素处的常规强度测量。 成像所需的X射线剂量大大降低如下：光电二极管的“点击”触发负反馈，导致系统停止沿着路径辐射组织，直到下一个试验开始。

公开(公告)号：WO2012112610A2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-23

申请号：PCT/US2012/025124

申请日：2012-02-14

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  RASKAR, Ramesh ,  PAMPLONA, Vitor ,  PASSOS, Erick ,  ZIZKA, Jan

Inventor： RASKAR, Ramesh ,  PAMPLONA, Vitor ,  PASSOS, Erick ,  ZIZKA, Jan

IPC: A61B3/02

CPC classification number: A61B3/112 ,  A61B3/022

Abstract: In exemplary implementations of this invention, cataracts in the human eye are assessed and mapped by measuring the perceptual impact of forward scattering on the foveal region. The same method can be used to measure scattering/blocking media inside lenses of a camera. Close-range anisotropic displays create collimated beams of light to scan through sub-apertures, scattering light as it strikes a cataract. User feedback is accepted and analyzed, to generate maps for opacity, attenuation, contrast and sub-aperture point- spread functions (PSFs). Optionally, the PSF data is used to reconstruct the individual's cataract-affected view.

Abstract translation: 在本发明的示例性实施方式中，通过测量前向散射对中心凹区域的感知影响来评估和映射人眼中的白内障。 相同的方法可以用于测量相机透镜内的散射/阻挡介质。 近距离各向异性显示器产生准直光束，以扫描子孔径，使其在发生白内障时散射光线。 用户反馈被接受和分析，以产生不透明度，衰减，对比度和子孔径点扩散函数（PSF）的图。 可选地，PSF数据用于重建个体的受白内障影响的视图。

公开(公告)号：WO2011133945A1

公开(公告)日：2011-10-27

申请号：PCT/US2011/033681

申请日：2011-04-22

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  PAMPLONA, Vitor ,  DE OLIVEIRA NETO, Manuel, Menezes ,  MOHAN, Ankit ,  RASKAR, Ramesh

Inventor： PAMPLONA, Vitor ,  DE OLIVEIRA NETO, Manuel, Menezes ,  MOHAN, Ankit ,  RASKAR, Ramesh

IPC: A61B3/032

CPC classification number: A61B3/032

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, this invention is a tool for subjective assessment of the visual acuity of a human eye. A microlens or pinhole array is placed over a high- resolution display. The eye is brought very near to the device. Patterns are displayed on the screen under some of the lenslets or pinholes. Using interactive software, a user causes the patterns that the eye sees to appear to be aligned. The software allows the user to move the apparent position of the patterns. This apparent motion is achieved by pre- warping the position and angle of the ray-bundles exiting the lenslet display. As the user aligns the apparent position of the patterns, the amount of pre-warping varies. The amount of pre-warping required in order for the user to see what appears to be a single, aligned pattern indicates the lens aberration of the eye.

Abstract translation: 在示例性实施方式中，本发明是用于主观评估人眼视力的工具。 微透镜或针孔阵列放置在高分辨率显示器上。 眼睛非常靠近设备。 图案显示在屏幕上的一些小透镜或针孔下。 使用交互式软件，用户会使眼睛看到的图案对齐。 该软件允许用户移动图案的明显位置。 这种明显的运动是通过改变离开小透镜显示器的射线束的位置和角度来实现的。 当用户对准图案的表观位置时，预​​翘曲的量变化。 为了使用户看到似乎是单个对齐的图案所需的预翘曲量指示眼睛的镜片像差。