Abstract:
A method of removing a residue from a surface, including applying to the surface a composition including (a) a quaternary ammonium hydroxide having a general formula (I): as defined herein, and (b) a dipolar aprotic solvent substantially free of water; and removing at least a substantial portion of the residue from the surface.
Abstract:
An aluminosilicate zeolite comprising at least 90% phase pure AEI zeolite crystals, the crystals having a plate-shaped morphology. In embodiments, at least 50% of the crystals have at least one ratio in at least one pair of dimensions in the range from 3:1 to 20:1, and thickness of 30-100 nm. A process of making the AEI zeolite comprising reacting an oxide of silicon, faujasite, a quaternary ammonium compound comprising 2,4,4,6-tetramethylmorpholinium cation, alkali metal hydroxide and water at at least 100C. to form crystals of a zeolite having an AEI framework. A crystalline AEI zeolite having pores comprising a 2,4,4,6-tetramethylmorpholinium cation. The zeolite may comprise at least 90% phase pure AEI zeolite with the 2,4,4,6-tetramethylmorpholinium cation within pores of the zeolite. In some embodiments the zeolite comprises crystals having a plate-shaped morphology and with the 2,4,4,6-tetramethylmorpholinium cation within pores of the AEI zeolite.
Abstract:
A process for making SSZ-39 zeolite employing at least one organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), in which a substantial quantity of the at least one OSDA, which otherwise would be required to form a zeolite such as SSZ-39, is replaced by at least one quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound (PFA) or a mixture of two or more thereof that is not itself an OSDA for making SSZ-39. A composition including at least one oxide of silicon; faujasite; at least one organic structure directing agent (OSDA) for making SSZ-39 zeolite; at least one PFA that is not an OSDA for making SSZ-39 zeolite; an alkali metal hydroxide; and water.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an electric device, comprising an electrolyte comprising a solvent; a first quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt; and a second quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt, containing an ammonium group having a general formula [NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] + ,or a phosphonium group having a general formula [PR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] + , wherein R l = R 2 , R 3 = R 4 , R 2 ≠ R 3 , and each R', R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently is a branched or unbranched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and in which each salt comprises an anion, and wherein the first and second ammonium or phosphonium are not the same. Further, the first quaternary ammonium salt is methyltriethyl ammonium BF4 (MTEABF4) and the second quaternary ammonium salt is dimethyldipropyl ammonium BF4 (DMDPABF4). The electric device of the invention is a capacitor, a supercapacitor, an electrochemical capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, a battery, a fuel cell, sensor, an electrochromic device, a photoelectrochemical solar cell, a light-emitting electrochemical cell, a polymer light emitting diode (PLED), an electrophoretic display, a polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC), a magnesium-ion battery, a lithium-ion battery, an electrolytic capacitor, or an electric double-layer capacitor (ELDC).