Abstract:
An objective lens (30) for an endoscope comprises a front (41a) and a rear (41b) optical sub-system and an aperture stop (51) there between. The rear optical sub-system (41 b) comprises a compound achromatic component (LR2, LR3) and a rear positive lens (LR4) disposed between said component and the image plane of the system in close proximity to the image plane. The rear positive lens (LR4) satisfies the following condition: fR = 4f where f is the focal length of the total objective lens and fR is the focal length of the rear positive lens (LR4).
Abstract:
There is provided herein an optical system for a tip section of a multi-sensor endoscope, the system comprising: a front-pointing camera sensor; a front objective lens system; a side-pointing camera sensor; and a side objective lens system, wherein at least one of said front and side objective lens systems comprises a front and a rear sub-systems seperated by a stop diaphragm,said front sub-system comprises, in order from the object side, a first front negative lens and a second front positive lens, said rear sub-system comprises, in order from the object side, a first rear positive lens, an achromatic sub-assembly comprising a second rear positive lens and a third rear negative lens, wherein the following condition is satisfied: f(first rear positive lens) =1.8f, where f is the composite focal length of the total lens system and f(first rear positive lens) is the focal length of said first rear positive lens.
Abstract:
An endoscopic apparatus for endoscopic examination of a body channel or cavity is described. The endoscopic apparatus comprises an insertion tube with at least one channel, which is in flow communication with the body channel or cavity. The endoscopic apparatus comprises also a pressure relief arrangement fitted with a valve, which is in flow communication with the body channel or cavity. The valve is suitable for preventing an inner pressure within the body channel or cavity to exceed a threshold value.
Abstract:
An apparatus and a method for cavitating a mixture of a fuel and an additive are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a cavitation stream, the cavitation stream comprising a counter jet device, a jet stroke device and a swirling cavitation device. A mixture of a fuel and additive is arranged to pass through the cavitation stream, wherein the mixture undergoes wave and cavitation processing in the swirling cavitation device. The cavitation apparatus further comprises a resonance chamber and a homogenizer, into which the wave and cavitated mixture is passed to obtain an emulsion of improved homogeneity from an outlet of the homogenizer.
Abstract:
A video endoscope (20) includes a generally rigid, elongate insertion member (22), having distal and proximal ends, and a video camera head (30) fixed at the distal end of the insertion member. A sheath (26) fits over and covers the insertion member, the sheath having a distal portion covering the video camera head, at least a section (36) of which distal portion is substantially transparent.