摘要:
An embodiment of the invention includes a riser reactor for reacting a feedstock and catalyst. The riser reactor wall defines an interior. A continuous refractory lining is attached to the reactor wall and defines a plurality of flow disruptors that extend inward from the wall into the reactor interior and disrupt flow patterns of the feedstock and catalyst.
摘要:
An apparatus comprising a feed distributor comprising a side cluster of orifices instead of or in combination with an end cluster of orifices for distributing hydrocarbon feed into a catalyst stream. A side cluster of orifices in conjunction with an end cluster of orifices on a feed distributor can distribute hydrocarbon feed into a riser over a greater cross-sectional extent enabling emission of smaller droplet sizes which provide better conversion with less coke production.
摘要:
A fluid catalytic cracking reactor including a vessel, a chamber housed within the vessel, and a plurality of cyclones housed within the vessel, but externally of the chamber. The plurality of cyclones are arranged in a plurality of cyclone clusters, where each of the cyclone clusters includes a grouping of at least two cyclones that share common outlet piping for communication with the chamber. Alternatively, a fluid catalytic cracking reactor including a vessel, a chamber housed within the vessel, and a plurality of catalytic separation devices housed within the vessel, but externally of the chamber. The catalytic separation devices are in communication with the chamber via outlet piping. Preferably, the catalytic separation devices of the reactor are also in communication with a plenum via separator gas outlet piping.
摘要:
A process and apparatus for mixing streams of regenerated and carbonized catalyst involves passing a catalyst stream into and out of a chamber in a lower section of a riser. The chamber fosters mixing of the catalyst streams to reduce their temperature differential before contacting hydrocarbon feed.
摘要:
A regenerator for an FCC apparatus. The regenerator includes an internal riser inside of a outer shell. The internal riser includes a cone and a cone skirt. An annulus is formed between the internal riser and the outer shell. A sealing apparatus for keeping catalyst out of a portion of the annulus comprises a first sealing element and a second sealing element disposed above the first sealing element. An annular trough in the annulus below the primary seal is filled with material that has a heat transfer coefficient at least as high as air to allow heat to get to the inner surface of the outer shell.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for fluidizing a spent catalyst in a regenerator during a combustion process. The combustor includes a vessel and an air distributor. The air distributor includes an air grid and a plurality of first nozzles extending from the air grid. Spent catalyst is introduced into the vessel. Air is provided to the vessel via the plurality of first nozzles at a base combustion air rate. Additional air is provided to the vessels via a plurality of second nozzles of a fluffing air distributor at a fluffing air rate that is between 0.5 wt% and 10 wt% of the base combustion air rate to fluidize the catalyst. The second nozzles have outlets that are disposed below the air grid and above a bottom head of the vessel.
摘要:
A process and apparatus described is for distributing fluidizing gas to a riser. Fluidizing gas is delivered to a plenum below the riser. A first stream of fluidizing gas is distributed from the plenum into a chamber in a riser and a second stream of fluidizing gas is distributed from the plenum into the riser outside of the chamber. First nozzles in the plenum have a first outlet in the chamber and second nozzles in the plenum have a second outlet outside of the chamber. Streams of regenerated catalyst and carbonized catalyst may be passed to the riser and mixed around the chamber in a lower section of a riser.
摘要:
An oxygen gas stream is distributed to a spent catalyst stream through an oxygen nozzle of an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas stream is distributed to the spent catalyst stream through a fuel nozzle of a fuel gas distributor. An oxygen gas jet generated from said oxygen nozzle and a fuel gas jet generated from said fuel gas nozzle have the same elevation in the regenerator. In a regenerator, an oxygen gas distributor and a fuel gas distributor may be located in a mixing chamber. A fuel outlet of a fuel nozzle of the fuel gas distributor may be within a fifth of the height of the mixing chamber from an oxygen outlet of an oxygen nozzle of the oxygen gas distributor. In addition, clear space is provided between a fuel gas nozzle on a fuel gas distributor and a closest oxygen nozzle on an oxygen gas distributor.
摘要:
A vessel provides for removing hydrocarbons from a catalyst. In an FCC unit, the vessel includes first and second sections. The first section includes at least one grid having a plurality of intersecting members and openings therebetween. The second section includes structured packing such as a plurality of ribbons. Grids are supported by pipes that are supported by the second section.
摘要:
A counter-current catalyst regenerator with at least two stages of counter-current contact along with a regenerator riser is proposed. Each stage may comprise a permeable barrier that allows upward passage of oxygen-containing gas and downward passage of coked catalyst into each stage, but inhibits upward movement of catalyst to mitigate back mixing and true counter-current contact and efficient combustion of coke from catalyst. The regenerator riser may provide a passage to transport the catalyst and may serve as a secondary stage for coke combustion to provide the regenerated catalyst.