Abstract:
The present specification provides a method for the recovery of rare earth elements in aqueous solution. In particular, a direct oxalate precipitation of rare earth elements from aqueous acid solution, comprising treatment with oxalic acid or oxalate solution in the presence of an additive salt is provided.
Abstract:
A continuous in-line process of making fragrance compositions increases the rate of production, compared to traditional batch processes, by having a chilling step that accelerates precipitation transformation.
Abstract:
A process is described for recovering alkali-chloride and alkali-sulfate salts from a salt solution. The salt solution comprises alkali metal, chloride and sulfate ions and is directed to a hydrous salt crystallization unit (28) which crystallizes hydrated sulfate salts that comprise sulfate and at least one alkali metal. A purged solution from the hydrous salt crystallization unit (28) is directed to a chloride salt crystallization unit (38) while the hydrated sulfate salt crystals are melted to form an aqueous sulfate solution which is directed to a sulfate crystallization unit (32). Anhydrous sulfate salts are crystallized from the aqueous sulfate solution to form sulfate salt crystals comprising sulfate and at least one alkali metal. In the chloride salt crystallization unit (38), chloride salt is crystallized to form chloride salt crystals. At least a portion of the purges from the sulfate and chloride salt crystallization units (32, 38) is directed to the hydrous salt crystallization unit (28).
Abstract:
Techniques for converting a portion of a carbonate to hydroxide include receiving an alkaline carbonate solution that includes between 0.1M (moles per liter of solution) to 4.0M hydroxide and between 0.1M to 4.1M carbonate; reacting, in a slaking process, quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ); and reacting the Ca(OH) 2 slurry and the alkaline carbonate solution to grow calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) crystal aggregates of 0.0005 mm 3 to 5 mm 3 in volume in a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer.
Abstract:
Described is a device for inducing crystal nucleation in a crystalliser. The device comprises a vessel for fluid and a surface abrader, wherein the surface abrader is configured to abrade a surface within the vessel to induce crystal nucleation. The friction of the abrader against the surface within the vessel creates nano-sized particulates which induce crystal nucleation. Crystal growth can then take place in the crystalliser. Also described is a crystallisation apparatus comprising the device and a crystallisation process using the device or similar. The device is significantly cheaper and more reliable than known ultrasound devices and facilitates the separation of crystal nucleation and crystal growth. The device also enables the avoidance of the use of seeding as a source of secondary nucleation.
Abstract:
A MEG reclamation process includes the step of increasing above 2,000 ppm the divalent metal salts concentration of a rich (wet) MEG feed stream flowing into a precipitator. The increasing step includes routing a salts-saturated MEG slipstream from the flash separator it to the precipitator. The slipstream may be mixed with a fresh water feed stream, a portion of the rich MEG feed stream, or some combination of the two. The rich MEG feed stream also may be split into two streams, with a portion of the stream being heated and routed to the flash separator and the other portion being combined as above with the removed slipstream. The process can be performed on the slipstream after dilution and prior to entering the precipitator or after being loaded into the precipitator. Removal of the insoluble salts may be done in either a batch or continuous mode.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for fractionating an oil using a fractioning system, preferably a natural oil, in particular a vegetable or animal oil, which yields one or more solid fractions and a liquid fraction, wherein a) the optionally pretreated, heated natural oil is mixed with a solvent and is cooled in one or more steps in a cooling reactor, through which the oil/solvent mixture continuously flows, to a fractionation temperature such that by way of crystallization a mixture composed of a crystalline solid fraction and a liquid fraction is formed, b) whereupon the mixture from step a) is continuously separated centrifugally into the liquid and the crystalline phase or fraction. Furthermore a separator comprising a feed for washing liquid, which removes the oil from the heavy phase in the counter-flow, is provided.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Fraktionierung eines Öls mit einer Fraktionierungsanlage, vorzugsweise eines Naturöls, insbesondere eines Pflanzen- oder Tieröls, welches eine oder mehrere feste Fraktionen sowie eine flüssige Fraktion ergibt, bei dem a. das gegebenenfalls vorbehandelte, erwärmte Naturöl mit einem Lösungsmittel vermischt wird und in ein oder mehreren Schritten in einem Kühlreaktor, den das Öl- /Lösungsmittelgemisch kontinuierlich durchströmt, auf eine Fraktionierungstemperatur abgekühlt wird, so dass sich durch Kristallisation ein Gemisch aus einer kristallinen festen Fraktion und einer flüssigen Fraktion bildet, b. woraufhin das Gemisch aus Schritt a) kontinuierlich zentrifugal in die flüssige und die kristalline Phase bzw. Fraktion getrennt wird. Ferner wird ein Separator mit einer Zuführung für Waschflüssigkeit bereitgestellt, welcher im Gegenstrom die schwere Phase entölt.
Abstract:
This invention provides an oscillating baffled reactor apparatus for preparing crystalline particles of at least one substance comprising: a reactor vessel; means for supplying a first flowing stream; means for oscillating fluid within the reactor vessel; a plurality of baffles; source of ultrasonic radiation; and means for collecting said particles.