Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to determining cost-of-capital in a bottom-up, fully risk based manner. In particular, the present invention relates to methods, systems, and software tools for calculating the cost-of-capital for a business entity. One or more risk drivers are provided by identifying one or more scenarios and quantifying the risk drivers for each scenario. Based on the risk drivers, one or more entity returns, and optionally one or more market returns, are determined, and based on the entity returns and optionally the market returns, one or more entity risk measures are determined. A cost-of-capital for the entity may be determined based on one or more of the entity risk measures.
Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to determining cost-of-capital in a bottom-up, fully risk based manner (Fig. 1). In particular, the present invention relates to methods, systems, and software tools for calculating the cost-of-capital for a business entity (Fig. 2). One or more risk drivers are provided by identifying one or more scenarios and quantifying the drivers for each scenario (Fig. 3).
Abstract:
A saw blade (100) has a plurality of teeth (104) with each tooth formed by a beveled leading face (120), a beveled trailing face (122) and a chamfered surface (124) located on the trailing face of each tooth. The trailing (122) and leading (120) faces are beveled in opposite directions in alternate order throughout the saw blade (100) prior to the forming of the chamfered surface (124). The beveled leading face (120) of each tooth intersects the chamfered surface (124) on the trailing face (122) of each tooth to form a curved cutting edge (130) having a negative rake angle. The beveled faces are manufactured by first forming a plurality of rough-formed gullets. The rough-formed gullets are then finished-formed into beveled gullets (110) by a cold-forming operation prior to the grinding of the chamfered surface to form the curved cutting face of the tooth.
Abstract:
High power flat saw (10) having a large diameter saw blade (12), said flat saw (10) comprising a motor (11) and a blade shaft drive (1), wherein said blade shaft drive (1) comprises a first pulley (2) and a second pulley (3) and a belt (6), said second pulley (3) being directly connected to a blade shaft (9), said first pulley (2) having a smaller diameter than the diameter of said second pulley (3), and wherein said blade shaft drive (1) further comprises a variable belt tensioner (4) arranged to apply a variable force to the belt (6).
Abstract:
3D porous material comprises at least one machined side. The machined side has a solid percentage P s being (1-P O ), said P O is the porosity of the bulk of said 3D porous material and said P s is within the 99.5% confidence interval. The present invention provides the method of manufacturing such 3D porous material. Preferably, the 3D porous material is open cell metal foam. The present invention also provides use of such open cell metal foam in a heat exchanger. The present invention further provides a heat exchanger comprising open cell metal foam.
Abstract:
Sawing method involving in one direction continuously driven saw blades (1, 2) or saw wheels, according to which two saw blades (1, 2) or saw wheels are arranged in an adjacent position to each other, with associated saw teeth extending in an opposed relationship to each other. The saw blades (1, 2) or the saw wheels are thereafter caused to perform a continuous movement in opposite directions to each other in the operative direction for each saw blade (1, 2) or saw wheel, whereby same in a common and co-acting operation take up a saw cut in a workpiece. In order to maintain the saw teeth of the saw blades (1, 2) or the saw wheels separated from each other during a sawing operation, a pneumatical or hydraulical medium under pressure is advantageously supplied against the adjacently located surfaces of the saw blades (1, 2) or the saw wheels during the sawing operation.