Abstract:
The invention deals with a cold rolled and heat treated steel sheet, the steel comprising, in weight percentage, 0.18% ≤ carbon ≤ 0.24%, 1.5% ≤ manganese ≤ 2.5%, 1.2% ≤ silicon ≤ 2%, 0.01% ≤ aluminum ≤0.06%, 0.2%≤ chromium ≤ 0.5%, phosphorus ≤ 0.02%, sulfur ≤ 0.03%, and optionally one or more of the following elements niobium ≤ 0.06%, titanium ≤ 0.08%, vanadium ≤0.1%, calcium ≤ 0.005% and the balance including iron and unavoidable impurities, the steel sheet having a microstructure comprising 0% to 15% of tempered martensite, 10% to 15% of residual austenite and optionally up to 30% of ferrite in area fractions, the balance being made of bainite, bainite content being at least 55% and having an internal oxide layer of 3 microns or less on both surfaces of said steel sheet. It also deals with a manufacturing method and with use of such grade for making vehicle parts.
Abstract:
Acier inoxydable martensitique, caractérisé en ce que sa composition est, en pourcentages pondéraux : 0,005% ≤ C ≤ 0,30%; 0,20% ≤ Mn ≤ 2,0%; traces % ≤ Si ≤,0%; 0,20% ≤ Mn + Si ≤ 1,5%; traces ≤ S ≤ 0,01%; 0 ≤ 10 000 x Mn x S ≤ 40; traces ≤ P ≤ 0,04%; 10,5% ≤ Cr ≤ 17,0%, avec [Cr - 10.3 - 80 x (C + N) 2 ] ≤ (Mn + Ni); traces ≤ Ni ≤ 4,0%; traces ≤ Mo ≤ 2,0%; traces ≤ Mo + 2W ≤ 2,0%; traces ≤ Cu ≤ 2,0%; traces ≤ Ti ≤ 0,5%; traces ≤ V ≤ 0,3%; traces ≤ Zr ≤ 0,5%; traces ≤ Al ≤ 0,2%; traces ≤ O ≤ 400 ppm; traces ≤ Ta ≤ 0,3%; traces ≤ Nb ≤ 0,3%; 0,25 ≤ (Nb + Ta)/(C + N) ≤ 8; Nb ≥ [1,2 (C + N) - 0,1]%; 0,009% ≤ N ≤ 0,2%; traces ≤ Co ≤ 2,0%; traces ≤ Cu + Co ≤ 2,0%;traces ≤ Cu + Co + Ni ≤ 4,0%; traces ≤ B ≤ 0,1%; traces ≤ terres rares + Y ≤ 0,06%; traces ≤ Ca ≤ 20ppm; le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration; et en ce que sa microstructure comporte au moins 75% de martensite, au plus 20% de ferrite et au plus 0,5% de carbures, la taille des grains de ferrite étant comprise entre 4 et 80 μm, de préférence entre 5 et 40 μm. Procédé de fabrication de cet acier.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetische Strahlung abschirmendes, mehrlagiges Material, ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung, ein Verfahren zur Abschirmung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung, statischen elektrischen und/oder statischen magnetischen Feldern, sowie die Verwendung des Materials zur Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Strahlung, statischen elektrischen und/oder statischen magnetischen Feldern.
Abstract:
Articles, devices and machines are disclosed for initiating structural changes based on material magnetic properties to cause self-adjustment to improve the operation or function of structures, devices or machines. In one aspect, a device exhibiting a self-healing property to repair a damage, the device including a device structure over which magnetic microparticles are dispersed to impart a self-healing ability to enable the device structure, once damaged to have a broken portion, to self-repair based on magnetic attraction of the dispersed magnetic microparticles to cause re-attachment of the broken portion.