Abstract:
An absolute encoder comprises a moving member in which track groups (T2 and T1) consisting of a plurality of slit patterns bit-coded in accordance with digital code representing an absolute address such as a binary-coded quaternary code are parallelly arranged in a form from higher bits to lower bits; a light source for illuminating the member; photodetecting elements (1 and 2) which output detection signals (A0 to A3 ) for each track by receiving the illuminated light through the slit patterns; and processing means for processing the detected signals to generate bit reproducing signals (P0 to P3) and read the absolute addresses of the moving member by decoding. This processing means is provided with operating means (3 to 20) for generating the high order bit reproducing signals (P2 and P3) which are synchronized with the rising or falling of the low order bit reproducing signal (P0) by operating the low order detection signals (A0 to A0 ) obtained from the lower bit track (T1) and the high order detection signals (A2 to A3 ) obtained from the higher order bit track (T2). If the number of the tracks is increased, it is necessary to provide an arrangement in which the light which illuminates the lower order bit track is received through a magnifying optical system and at the same time, the light which illuminates the track on the high order bit side is received directly.
Abstract:
A coding element (CE), for example a rotary coding element (Fig. 1), has a surface provided with two signals tracks (SB1, SB2), preferably adjacent and at a constant distance apart, subdivided longitudinally into sectors (SK) for coding purposes. During operation, each signal track (SB1, SB2) or its sectors (SK) is scanned by at least one scanning element (AE1, AE2), in order to obtain the code corresponing to the instantaneous displacement from the scan signal. The coding elment (CE) contains an insulator (IS) in such a way that the areas of the surface of the coding element (CE) which carry the signal tracks (SB1, SB2) form an insulating surface (IS). The sectors (SK) of the signal tracks (SB1, SB2) are electrically conducting and during operation, i.e. scanning, have more than two different electric potentials, thereby enabling electrically conducting scanning elements (AE1, AE2) to scan a code composed of digits having more than two possible levels of potential.
Abstract:
An Analog to Digital (AD) converter and an AD converting method are provided. The AD converter includes one or more stators, and one or more actuators that move according to an input voltage. The digital output of the AD converter is determined based on an arrangement of the stators and the positions of the actuators relative to the stators. The AD converter can achieve high resolution and/or high speed with lower power consumption.
Abstract:
An optical position transducer comprises a code disc (1) and a lighting device (2) which are mutually movable. The code disc comprises a code track (4) on an electrically insulating support (3), said code track comprising a plurality of electrical conductors (6, 7) with interposing light sensitive elements (8). By placing the electrical conductors parallel or concentric and arranging the interposing light sensitive elements according to a binary code pattern and providing a line shaped light beam extending over all the conductors, a digital absolute position transducer is achieved.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Widerstandsnetzwerk (50) für eine Kraftmessvorrichtung (1), insbesondere eine Waage, mit mindestens zwei elektrischen Teilwiderständen (R1, R2, R3, R4), welche abgestufte Widerstandwerte aufweisen, sodass jeweils eine unterschiedliche elektrische Verdrahtung der Teilwiderstände (R1, R2, R3, R4) einen unterschiedlichen Gesamt-Widerstandswert (R) des Widerstandsnetzwerks (50) ergibt. Dabei weist das Widerstandsnetzwerk (50) zur Verdrahtung der Teilwiderstände (R1, R2, R3, R4) ein codierendes Schaltelement (SW) auf, sodass verschiedenen Schaltstellungen (POS) des Schaltelements (SW) verschiedene Verdrahtungen der Teilwiderstände (R1, R2, R3, R4) zuordenbar sind und die Anzahl der Teilwiderstände (R1, R2, R3, R4) geringer ist als die Anzahl der möglichen Schaltstellungen (POS).
Abstract:
A pulse encoder (2) generates a position code IP corresponding to the rotational position of a rotor of a motor (1) as well as rotation pulses AP, BP for each predetermined rotation of the rotor. The rotation pulses AP, BP are supplied to a counter (32) through a quadruple pulse-generating circuit (30). A rise/decay detection circuit (31) detecting change points in the position code is provided to preset the counter (32) by means of a detection output from the circuit (31). Thus it is possible to display an accurate rotor position on the basis of the position code and the value counted by the counter.
Abstract:
The detector comprises a rotary disk provided with a plurality of circular concentric reading tracks each having two alternated series of sectors of two different types. Said tracks are read out by appropriate sensors (1, 2, A, B, C, D). One of said tracks is associated with Z1 sensors (A, B, C, D) allowing to define Z1 relative decoding bits, the other track or tracks using Z2 sensors (1, 2) allowing to determine high-order bits of the angular position of the disk as well as the relative order of bits issued from Z1 sensors. The invention allows to make detectors of reduced size and high resolution.
Abstract:
Apparatus for detecting the angular position of a fruit machine reel, has magnets (50-54) and Hall devices (16-20) arranged in pairs and fixed. A coding disc (14) rotates with the reel (10) and has code elements (21) which pass between the various magnet and Hall device pairs. The elements (21) are either metal slugs (55) in a dielectric disc or apertures (56) in a metal disc and shunt magnetic field to effect coded switching of the Hall devices. A ferro-magnetic U-shaped bracket (27) provides a return path shunt for the magnets enhancing field strength at the Hall devices.
Abstract:
Ein elektrischer Schalter (1) mit einer digitalen Schaltstellungserfassung umfaßt ein Schaltmittel (2) zum Kontaktieren von einzelnen Codespuren (A, B, C) zugeordneten Schalterkontakten, wobei durch das Schaltmittel in unterschiedlichen Schaltstellungen in der Summe unterschiedliche Schalterkontakte kontaktiert sind und der Abgriff der durch das Schaltmittel (2) kontaktierten Schalterkontakte eine Auswerteeinheit (9) beaufschlagt, und ist bestimmt dadurch, daß in Abhängigkeit von der Stellung des Schaltmittels (2) bei zumindest einigen Schaltstellungen die Pegelspannung zur zusätzlichen Unterscheidung dieser Schaltstellung einen unterschiedlichen Wert aufweist.