The invention relates to an infrared focal plane non-uniformity fingerprint extraction and image correction method which belongs to the technical field of infrared imaging. A production process decides, each infrared focal plane is provided with a relatively stable non-uniformity mode and a rule thereof which varies with temperature, and the two are collectively called fingerprints. The inventionprovides the definitions of non-conformity fingerprints, analyzes the characteristics of the focal plane non-uniformity in a frequency domain by wavelet decomposition, extracts the non-uniformity fingerprints which belong to the focal plane, and then stores the fingerprints in a storage unit of a detector. When in correction, with the environment temperature as the input parameter, the method cancarry out non-uniformity correction under the constraint of the fingerprints after reading the non-uniformity fingerprints at the environment temperature. Compared with convention methods, the methoddoes not need to obtain a background frame with a uniform baffle in every time of correction and has simple correction idea, thereby simplifying the correction device and the correction process, and the image non-uniformity after correction is significantly improved.