The invention discloses a locomotive vehicle-mounted terminal based on Beidou positioning. The locomotive vehicle-mounted terminal comprises a vehicle-mounted comprehensive information monitoring module, a protection recording module and a Beidou transmission module. The vehicle-mounted terminal is capable of realizing complete monitoring, selective capturing, and processing and saving on demand on the real-time bus data and the alarm information of a locomotive, and also capable of sending an expertized predictive and forward-looking data processing result to the ground in a Beidou short message form and receiving a conformation and reply command and a demand instruction from the ground in real time, and finally, real-time locomotive-ground interaction is realized.