A one-way slide type vibration and noise reduction rubber support of rail transit bridge comprises an upper support plate (2) and a lower support plate (8), wherein the lower wedge fixing block I (5) and the lower wedge fixing block III (10) on the lower support plate (8) are opposite to each other, the lower wedge fixing block II (7) and the lower wedge fixing block IV (11) on the lower support plate (8) are opposite to each other, the bottom of the upper support plate (2) is correspondingly provided with four upper wedge fixing blocks (4), a vulcanized rubber plate I (6) is disposed between the lower wedge fixing block I (5) and the corresponding upper wedge fixing block (4), a vulcanized rubber plate II (12) is disposed between the lower wedge fixing block II (7) and the corresponding upper wedge fixing block (4), a vulcanized rubber plate III (13) is disposed between the lower wedge fixing block III (10) and the corresponding upper wedge fixing block (4), and a vulcanized rubber plate IV (14) is disposed between the lower wedge fixing block IV (11) and the corresponding upper wedge fixing block (4). The one-way slide type vibration and noise reduction rubber support has the advantages that sufficient vertical rigidity and vertical vibration reduction damping are guaranteed, and weak vibration of rails during operation is weakened.