The invention relates to a double-layered annular cooling oil path piston structure which comprises a piston main body; a double-layered annular cooling oil path (11) is arranged inside a piston head part (10) in the piston main body; an upper-layer oil path (1) and a lower-layer oil path (2) are connected via a secondary oil inlet, a secondary oil outlet and oil path passages; an oil inlet, an oil outlet and an oil return hole are formed in the lower-layer oil path (2); a rib plate (12) is arranged between the upper-layer oil path and the lower-layer oil path; and the rib plate is connected with and a combustion chamber (40) and a ring slot in the lowest end of a piston ring slot (9). The double-layered annular cooling oil path piston structure can effectively solve the problems of insufficient piston cooling, too high heat load and the like, and aims to reduce the heat load of a piston, increase the structure strength of the piston and achieve the lightweight piston.