The embodiment of the invention relates to a control method and system of a hydraulic robot. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a switching device is used for generating a switching instruction according to received switching information; 2, the switching device is used for sending the switching instruction to a main hand controller; 3, the main hand controller is used for transmitting the switching instruction to a slave hand controller; and 4, the main hand controller and the slave hand controller are used for switching working modes between a main hand and a slave hand according to the switching instruction. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, on one hand, the technical defect that in the prior art, when the slave hand is restarted and follows the main hand, accidents happen due to the fact that the slave hand makes contact with dangerous materials or barriers such as high-voltage wires because the track of the slave hand is optimized improperly is overcome; and on the other hand, the technical effect of making the hydraulic robot with safe and reliable operation modes is achieved.