The invention discloses a hydropower station subarea intelligent inspection system and method. The hydropower station subarea intelligent inspection system comprises a regulation background and a plurality of subarea robots. The subarea robots comprise multi-suitability chassis, wireless networking devices, detection devices and controllers. The multi-suitability chassis are used for moving and scanning an environmental landmark, positioning is achieved under data matching of the controllers, meanwhile environmental barriers are detected, and barrier-avoiding movement or movement stopping is achieved under control of the controllers; self-networking among all the subarea robots is achieved through the wireless networking devices, and two-way information interaction between all the subarearobots and the regulation background is achieved through the wireless networking devices; and the detection devices detect equipment and a dam body in a hydropower station, so that detection data is generated to be transferred to the controllers, the detection data, the positioning data and the barrier data are uploaded to the regulation background by the controllers, and the controllers receive acontrol command of the regulation background. According to the hydropower station subarea intelligent inspection system and method, an existing operating, maintaining and inspection mode of the hydraulic power plant is changed, the everyday working efficiency of the hydraulic power plant is improved, and automated, informationized and intelligent transformation of the hydraulic power plant are promoted.