The invention discloses a natural gas engine tempering fault simulation control system connected with a natural gas engine gas inlet tube; the natural gas engine tempering fault simulation control system comprises a gas inlet parameter detector arranged on the gas inlet tube; the gas inlet parameter detector is connected with an engine controller; the gas inlet tube is also connected with an ignition unit; the ignition unit is connected with a tempering fault simulator; the specific control method of the system is also disclosed; compared with other tempering fault simulation and control systems in the prior art, the tempering fault simulator is controllable in tempering phenomenon simulation, high in accuracy, and can simulate under all conditions of the operating natural gas engine; in addition, the engine controller can accurately monitor and control the tempering phenomenon in real time, is timely in responses, and can send alarms once the engine tempering problems is monitored, thus limiting the engine output torque, and providing fault reminding and engine protection effects.