The invention discloses a method for selectively separating or recycling amino compounds. 6-hydroxy fulveneformate can have a condensation reaction with primary amine compounds and cannot have a condensation reactio with secondary amines or tertiary amines, and then a substitution reaction occurs under the action of ammonia water or an organic amine to separate the primary amine compounds; correspondingly, a reaction system with high selectivity, simple technological steps, a mild reaction condition and high efficiency is established; the primary amine compounds are separated from the secondary amines, the tertiary amines and alcohol compounds with similar structures, so that the technical problems of difficult separation and a complicated technology caused by the presence of the primary amines, the secondary amines, the tertiary amines and the alcohol compounds with similar structures in the existing preparation technology of amino acid medicines and medicine intermediates are solved.