The invention provides a short-process copper smelting method. A copper smelting device used in the short-process copper smelting method comprises a smelting furnace, copper making furnaces, a CR (completely recycle) furnace, first flowing chutes and a second flowing chute, wherein the smelting furnace is provided with a copper matte outlet and a smelting slag outlet; each copper making furnace isprovided with a copper matte inlet; the copper matte inlets are communicated with copper matte outlets through the first flowing chutes; the CR furnace is provided with a smelting slag inlet; the smelting slag inlet is communicated with a smelting slag outlet through the second flowing chute. The short-process copper smelting method comprises the following steps: smelting a copper concentrate inthe smelting furnace to obtain first copper matte and smelting slag; performing a copper making reaction on the first copper matte in the copper making furnaces to produce anode copper and copper making slag; reductively fuming and settling the smelting slag in the CR furnace to comprehensively recycle valuable metal from the smelting slag and make harmless slag, wherein the valuable metal includes one or more of lead, zinc and antimony. By the short-process copper smelting method, short-process copper smelting is achieved, and the production of the anode copper, and the comprehensive recycling of the valuable metal from the smelting slag and direct production of the harmless slag in the CR furnace are completed.