The embodiment of the invention provides a fingerprint positioning method and device. The method comprises the steps of: for a first AP (Access Point), acquiring an AP and two adjacent points in a specified scene region, and calculating first received signal strengths, wherein two adjacent points comprise a current to-be-positioned point and a previous point with respect to the current to-be-positioned point, and the first received signal strength of the current to-be-positioned point/the previous point is obtained by a corresponding relationship between a distance between the first AP and thecurrent to-be-positioned point/the previous point and a received signal strength; using a difference of the first received signal strengths of two adjacent points and an acquired received signal strength of a signal of the AP at the positions of two adjacent points as inputs of Kalman filtering, and by using Kalman filtering, obtaining an optimized received signal strength difference; and by thesum of an acquired corresponding received signal strength when the previous point is positioned and the optimized received signal strength difference, carrying out positioning on the current to-be-positioned point.