The invention relates to the field of gauge change of rail vehicles, and provides a lubricating structure for gauge change wheel sets and the gauge change wheel sets. The lubricating structure for thegauge change wheel sets comprises wheels, an axle and sliding mechanisms. The wheels are slidably arranged at both ends of the axle, the sliding mechanisms are separately connected to the outer sidesof the wheels and are positioned in axle boxes at both ends of the axle, and the wheels are unlocked and locked through the sliding mechanisms; sealing structures are arranged between the inner sidesof the wheels and the axle, a first cavity is formed among the inner sides of the wheels, the axle and the sealing structures, a second cavity is formed among the outer sides of the wheels and the sliding mechanisms, and a third cavity is formed between the sliding mechanisms and the axle boxes; and first oil injection holes leading to the joint of the wheels and the axle are formed in the wheels, and second oil injection holes leading to the sliding mechanisms are formed in the axle boxes. According to the lubricating structure for the gauge change wheel sets and the gauge change wheel sets,the lubrication of the friction surface can be increased, the abrasion of key prone-to-being-worn parts is reduced, and the overall service life of the he gauge change wheel sets is prolonged.